Markdown Editor

Administrator Guide Template (ISO/IEC/IEEE 26514)

Admin guide – roles, architecture, access, backup/restore, monitoring, maintenance, scaling, security ops, DR, audit

Documentación y soporteCompletaISO/IEC/IEEE 26514:2022administratorguidemath

Cómo usar: Use for the team that operates a system after installation. Start with roles, the component map and backup policy, then the alert table with runbook links. The main pitfall is describing backups without recording restore tests.

Vista previa

Administrator Guide: [Product name] [version]

Complete guide for the people who run, secure and maintain a software product after installation. The structure follows the information for administrators and operators described in ISO/IEC/IEEE 26514:2022. Replace every [bracketed] value and every row marked Example.

Document control

FieldValue
Document ID[AG-PRODUCT-001]
Product and version[Product name] [3.2]
Guide version[0.1]
Status[Draft / In review / Approved / Superseded]
Owner[@platform-owner]
Approvers[@service-owner], [@security-officer]
Classification[Internal / Confidential]
Last updatedYYYY-MM-DD
Related documents[Installation Guide], [User Manual], [Runbooks], [DR plan]

Approvals

RoleNameDecisionDate
Service owner[@name][Approved / Rejected / Approved with comments]YYYY-MM-DD
Security officer[@name][Decision]YYYY-MM-DD
Operations lead[@name][Decision]YYYY-MM-DD

Revision history

VersionDateAuthorChange summary
0.1YYYY-MM-DD[@name]Initial draft
1.0YYYY-MM-DD[@name]Example: Approved for 3.2 rollout
1.1YYYY-MM-DD[@name]Example: Added restore drill after incident INC-2291

Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose and scope

This guide describes how to administer [Product name] [3.2] in the [production / staging] environment: managing users and access, changing configuration, protecting data, monitoring health, maintaining and scaling the service, and responding to security events. Installation is covered in the [Installation Guide].

1.2 Audience and assumptions

This guide is for system administrators, site reliability engineers and security operators. It assumes familiarity with Linux administration, PostgreSQL, TLS certificates and the organisation's change management process.

1.3 First week checklist for a new administrator

#TaskSection
1Get the System administrator role and MFA enrolled2, 4.4
2Walk through the component map and find each host3
3Join the on-call rotation and read every runbook linked in 7.27
4Perform a supervised restore test6.3
5Read the last three incident reports and the open risk list11, 14

1.4 Conventions

Commands prefixed with # require root or sudo. Caution marks steps that can cause downtime or data loss. Times are in UTC.

2. Roles and permissions

RoleCan doCannot doHeld by
Example: Super administratorEverything, including role assignment and deletion of tenantsNothing restricted2 named people, break-glass only
Example: System administratorConfiguration, backups, upgrades, monitoringRead user content, assign rolesPlatform team
Example: User administratorCreate, disable and reassign users; reset MFAChange system configurationService desk
Example: AuditorRead audit logs and reportsChange anythingInternal audit
[Role][Permissions][Restrictions][Team or person]

Changes to role assignments require a ticket approved by [@service-owner] and are reviewed quarterly (see 14.2).

3. Architecture overview

The service consists of stateless application nodes behind a load balancer, a primary database with one replica, an object store for files and a background worker pool.

ComponentHost or serviceData heldFailure impact
Example: App nodesapp01, app02 (4 vCPU, 8 GB)None (stateless)Reduced capacity; no data loss
Example: PostgreSQLdb01 primary, db02 replicaAll metadataFull outage until failover
Example: Object store[S3 bucket prod-files]Uploaded filesUploads and downloads fail
[Component][Host][Data][Impact]

4. User and access management

4.1 Identity source

Users authenticate through [SSO with SAML 2.0 / OpenID Connect against the corporate identity provider]. Local accounts are allowed only for the two break-glass super administrators.

4.2 Add a user

  1. In the admin console, go to Users > Add user.
  2. Enter the email address and select a role.
  3. Select Send invitation. Result: The user appears with status Invited; it changes to Active after the first sign-in.

With SSO provisioning (SCIM) enabled, users are created automatically when they are added to the group [app-users] in the identity provider.

4.3 Disable a leaver

  1. Go to Users, search for the person and select Disable.
  2. Choose a new owner for their documents and select Transfer. Result: Active sessions end within one minute; content is kept.

4.4 Access policy

PolicySetting
Multi-factor authenticationRequired for all administrator roles
Session timeout8 hours idle, 24 hours absolute
Password policy (local accounts)Minimum 14 characters, checked against breached-password lists
Inactive account reviewAccounts unused for 90 days are disabled automatically

5. Configuration management

All configuration is stored in the repository [infra/productname-config] and applied by [the deployment pipeline]. Manual edits on servers are overwritten on the next deploy.

Change typeApprovalHow appliedRollback
Example: Feature flagPeer reviewPipeline, no restartRevert commit
Example: Database pool sizePeer review + change ticketPipeline, rolling restartRevert commit
Example: Authentication providerChange advisory boardMaintenance windowRestore previous config and restart

Validate before applying: productname config validate --file config.yaml.

6. Backup and restore

6.1 Backup policy

DataMethodFrequencyRetentionLocation
Example: DatabaseContinuous WAL archiving + nightly base backupContinuous / 02:00 daily35 daysSeparate region, encrypted
Example: Object storeVersioning + cross-region replicationContinuous90 days of versionsSecondary region
Example: ConfigurationGit repositoryEvery changeIndefiniteCode host
[Data][Method][Frequency][Retention][Location]

6.2 Restore the database to a point in time

Caution: Restoring replaces current data. Confirm the target time with the service owner and announce downtime first.

  1. Put the service in maintenance mode: productname maintenance on.
  2. Restore: productname db restore --target-time "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS UTC".
  3. Run integrity checks: productname db check; expect 0 errors.
  4. Turn maintenance mode off and run the checks in 7.3.

6.3 Restore testing

A full restore to an isolated environment is performed [monthly] and recorded in the table below.

DateBackup testedRestore timeResultTester
YYYY-MM-DDExample: Nightly base backup of YYYY-MM-DD42 minPass[@name]

7. Monitoring and alerting

7.1 Service level objectives

Availability is measured as the share of successful requests:

Availability=requests with status<500all requests≥99.9% per 30 days\text{Availability} = \frac{\text{requests with status} < 500}{\text{all requests}} \geq 99.9\% \text{ per 30 days}

which allows about 43 minutes of full outage per 30 days.

7.2 Alerts

AlertConditionSeverityNotifiesRunbook
Example: HighErrorRate5xx above 2% for 5 minPageOn-call SRERB-01
Example: DatabaseReplicaLagLag above 60 s for 10 minTicketPlatform teamRB-04
Example: DiskAlmostFullData volume above 85%TicketPlatform teamRB-07
Example: CertificateExpiryTLS certificate expires in under 14 daysTicketPlatform teamRB-09
[Alert][Condition][Severity][Recipient][Runbook]

7.3 Health checks

  • GET /healthz returns 200 when the node can serve traffic.
  • GET /readyz returns 200 when database and object store are reachable.
  • Admin console System > Status shows queue depth and worker count.

8. Logs

LogContentLocationRetentionContains personal data
Example: ApplicationRequests, errors, latency[Central log platform], index app-prod30 daysUser ID only (pseudonymous)
Example: AuditAdmin actions, sign-ins, permission changesWrite-once store1 yearYes, access restricted to Auditor role
Example: DatabaseSlow queries over 500 msdb01 /var/log/postgresql14 daysNo

Example search for failed sign-ins in the last hour: service:productname event:auth.failed | stats count by user_id.

9. Maintenance schedule

TaskFrequencyOwnerAutomated
Review alerts and error budgetDailyOn-call SREDashboard
Apply OS security patchesWeekly, Tuesday 03:00Platform teamYes
Rotate service credentialsEvery 90 daysPlatform teamPartly
Restore test (6.3)MonthlyPlatform teamNo
Access review (14.2)QuarterlyService ownerNo
Renew TLS certificatesAutomatic, checked monthlyPlatform teamYes
Capacity review (10)QuarterlySRE leadNo

10. Scaling

ComponentScale triggerHow to scaleKnown limit
Example: App nodesCPU above 70% for 15 min at peakAdd a node to the pool; autoscaling group max 8Database connections
Example: WorkersQueue depth above 1,000 for 10 minIncrease workers.countObject store request rate
Example: DatabaseCPU above 60% sustained or storage above 70%Vertical resize in maintenance windowLargest instance class

Connections needed: nodes×pool_size≤max_connections−reserve\text{nodes} \times \text{pool\_size} \leq \text{max\_connections} - \text{reserve}.

11. Security operations

  • Vulnerabilities: Critical findings are patched within [7] days, high within [30].
  • Secrets: Stored in [secret manager]; never in configuration files or tickets.
  • Certificates: Issued by [internal CA / ACME]; inventory in 15.3.
  • Suspected compromise: Follow the [Incident Response Plan]. First steps:
    1. Preserve logs: export the audit log for the affected period.
    2. Revoke affected sessions: Users > [user] > End all sessions.
    3. Rotate exposed credentials and notify [@security-officer].

12. Upgrades and patching

  1. Read the release notes and check for breaking changes.
  2. Upgrade staging and run the smoke tests for one business day.
  3. Raise a change ticket with the rollback plan.
  4. Upgrade production with a rolling restart (nodes one at a time).
  5. Monitor error rate for 60 minutes. Roll back if 5xx exceeds 2%.
VersionStaging dateProduction dateResult
Example: 3.2.1YYYY-MM-DDYYYY-MM-DDSuccess

13. Disaster recovery

ObjectiveTarget
Recovery time objective (RTO)[4 hours]
Recovery point objective (RPO)[15 minutes]

Recovery order: database, object store, app nodes, workers, DNS switch. Full procedure: [Disaster Recovery Plan, section n]. Last DR test: YYYY-MM-DD, result [Pass / Partial].

14. Audit and compliance

14.1 Control evidence

ControlEvidenceWhere kept
Example: Access reviews quarterlySigned review export[Compliance folder]
Example: Backups restored monthlyRestore log (6.3)This guide and ticket
Example: Changes approvedChange tickets linked to commits[Ticket system]

14.2 Access review

Each quarter, export Users > Export, ask each team lead to confirm their users and roles, disable unconfirmed accounts and file the signed export.

15. Reference

15.1 Admin commands

CommandPurpose
productname statusShow node, database and queue status
productname maintenance onEnable maintenance mode (users see a notice, writes are blocked)
productname maintenance offReturn to normal service
productname backup createTake an on-demand backup
productname support-bundleCollect diagnostics without secrets

15.2 Important paths

PathContent
/etc/productname/config.yamlMain configuration
/var/lib/productnameLocal cache and temporary files
/var/log/productnameLocal logs before shipping

15.3 Contacts and escalation

SituationContact
Production outageOn-call SRE via [paging tool]
Security event[[email protected]], [@security-officer]
Vendor support[support portal URL], contract [number]

15.4 Glossary

TermMeaning in this guide
Break-glass accountLocal super administrator account used only when SSO is unavailable; every use is reviewed
Maintenance modeState in which the service shows a notice and rejects writes
Error budgetAllowed unreliability under the SLO, for example 0.1% of requests per 30 days
Rolling restartRestarting nodes one at a time so the service stays available
[Term][Meaning]

Standard and licence note

Structure aligned with ISO/IEC/IEEE 26514:2022, Systems and software engineering: Design and development of information for users, for information given to administrators and operators (roles, tasks, reference and troubleshooting information). This template is original text written for this collection and reproduces no text from the standard; obtain the standard from ISO, IEC or IEEE for its normative requirements. Template licence: MIT.

Plantillas relacionadas