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Zero Trust Architecture Plan Template (NIST SP 800-207, CISA ZTMM 2.0)

ZT tenets, PE/PA/PEP architecture, deployment approaches, CISA ZTMM 2.0 maturity scoring by pillar and function, target state, roadmap, metrics, risks

Ingeniería de seguridadCompletaNIST SP 800-207 (2020); CISA ZTMM 2.0 (2023); NIST SP 1800-35 (2025)Public domain (US Government works)zerotrustarchitecture

Cómo usar: Use it when planning a move from perimeter-based security to zero trust across identity, devices, networks, applications and data. Fill the protect surfaces (1.3) and the ZTMM current-state scores (5.3) with evidence first, then the roadmap. The main pitfall is buying tools before deciding which resources and access decisions they protect.

Vista previa

Zero Trust Architecture Plan: [Organisation or programme name]

Plan for moving an organisation from perimeter-based security to a zero trust architecture (ZTA): principles, logical components, deployment approach, current state and maturity assessment, target state, roadmap by pillar, metrics and risks. Based on NIST SP 800-207 Zero Trust Architecture (August 2020) for tenets, logical components, deployment approaches and migration steps; the CISA Zero Trust Maturity Model Version 2.0 (April 2023) for pillars, cross-cutting capabilities and maturity stages; and NIST SP 1800-35 Implementing a Zero Trust Architecture (final, June 2025) for example builds. Replace every [bracketed] value and every row marked Example. Worked examples use a mid-sized company with on-premises applications, two cloud providers and a remote workforce.

Document control

FieldValue
Document ID[ZTA-PLAN-001]
Programme[Zero trust programme name]
Version[0.1]
Status[Draft / In review / Approved / Superseded]
Owner[@security-architect]
Executive sponsor[@ciso]
Approvers / reviewers[@cio], [@infrastructure-lead], [@identity-lead], [@app-platform-lead]
Last updatedYYYY-MM-DD
ClassificationConfidential
Planning horizon[YYYY to YYYY]
Next reviewYYYY-MM-DD (at least annually and after each roadmap phase)
Related[Security architecture], [Risk register], [Asset inventory], [Identity strategy]

Approvals

RoleNameDecisionDate
Chief information security officer[@name][Approved / Changes requested]YYYY-MM-DD
Chief information officer[@name][Decision]YYYY-MM-DD
Head of infrastructure and network[@name][Decision]YYYY-MM-DD
Head of identity and access management[@name][Decision]YYYY-MM-DD
Data protection officer[@name][Decision]YYYY-MM-DD

Revision history

VersionDateAuthorChange summary
0.1YYYY-MM-DD[@name]First draft after current state workshops
0.2YYYY-MM-DD[@name]Example: Maturity scores reviewed with pillar owners; roadmap phase 1 agreed
1.0YYYY-MM-DD[@name]Example: Approved by steering committee

Contents

1. Introduction and scope

1.1 Drivers

[Example: A phishing incident last year gave an attacker VPN access and from there flat network access to file servers and a finance application. Half the workforce is remote, 60% of business applications run in two public clouds, and contractors use personal devices. Cyber insurance renewal requires phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication for all staff.]

1.2 Objectives

IDObjectiveMeasure
OBJ-01Example: Remove implicit trust based on network locationNo application reachable only because a user is on the corporate network or VPN
OBJ-02Example: Phishing-resistant authentication for all workforce identitiesShare of users enrolled in FIDO2 or smart card authentication
OBJ-03Example: Per-session, least-privilege access to high-value resourcesHigh-value applications behind a policy enforcement point with device posture checks
OBJ-04Example: Limit lateral movementEast-west traffic between segments denied by default
OBJ-05Example: Visibility for every access decisionAccess decisions logged centrally and correlated
[OBJ-nn][Objective][Measure]

1.3 Scope and protect surfaces

List the resources to protect first. Start with a small number of high-value resources where a breach would cause the most harm.

IDResource or protect surfaceData sensitivityUsersHostingPriority
RES-01Example: Finance and payroll applicationRestricted120 staffOn premises1
RES-02Example: Customer database and admin consoleRestricted40 engineers, 300 support staffCloud A1
RES-03Example: Source code and CI/CDConfidential400 engineers, contractorsSaaS and cloud B2
RES-04Example: Collaboration suiteInternalAll staffSaaS2
RES-05Example: Building management and printers (legacy devices)InternalFacilitiesOn premises3
[RES-nn][Resource][Class][Users][Hosting][1 / 2 / 3]

Out of scope for this plan: [Example: operational technology in manufacturing sites, handled by a separate programme].

2. Zero trust tenets

NIST SP 800-207 section 2.1 sets out seven basic tenets as an ideal goal, noting that not every tenet may be fully achievable for every strategy. The paraphrases below are original summaries; read the publication for the full wording.

IDTenet (paraphrase of SP 800-207 section 2.1)What it means here
T-1All data sources and computing services are treated as resourcesExample: SaaS tenants, cloud workloads and APIs are inventoried and governed like on-premises servers
T-2Communication is secured whatever the network location; being on the internal network grants no trustExample: Internal traffic to RES-01 and RES-02 is encrypted and authenticated like internet traffic
T-3Access to each resource is granted per sessionExample: Authorisation to one application does not grant access to another; sessions are re-evaluated
T-4Access is decided by dynamic policy using the state of identity, application or service, and requesting asset, plus behavioural and environmental attributesExample: Device compliance, user risk and location feed every decision for priority 1 resources
T-5The enterprise monitors and measures the integrity and security posture of all owned and associated assetsExample: Endpoint posture is continuously reported; unmanaged devices get restricted access
T-6Authentication and authorisation are dynamic and strictly enforced before access is allowedExample: Continuous evaluation and re-authentication on risk change
T-7The enterprise collects as much information as possible about the current state of assets, network and communications and uses it to improve its security postureExample: Access logs, flow logs and endpoint telemetry flow to analytics that tune policy

3. Logical architecture

SP 800-207 separates a control plane, where access decisions are made, from a data plane, where application traffic flows through enforcement points.

Component (SP 800-207)RoleOur implementationOwner
Policy engine (PE)Decides whether to grant, deny or revoke access to a resource, using policy and inputsExample: Identity provider conditional access plus access proxy policy service[@team]
Policy administrator (PA)Establishes or shuts down the session path between subject and resource by instructing the PEPExample: Access proxy control plane; issues session tokens[@team]
Policy enforcement point (PEP)Enables, monitors and terminates connections between subject and resourceExample: Identity-aware proxy for web apps; service mesh sidecars for workloads[@team]
Policy decision point (PDP)The PE and PA togetherExample: As above[@team]
Data sourcesInputs to the PE: diagnostics, compliance, threat intelligence, logs, data access policy, PKI, identity, SIEMExample: EDR, MDM, IdP, CA, SIEM, data classification service[@team]

4. Deployment approach

4.1 Approaches (SP 800-207 section 3.1)

ApproachCore ideaFit herePrimary for
Enhanced identity governance (3.1.1)Identity and assigned attributes of actors are the main input to access policyExample: Strong fit: SaaS and web applicationsRES-03, RES-04
Micro-segmentation (3.1.2)Place individual or groups of resources in their own segment protected by gateways or host firewallsExample: Needed for data centre workloads and legacy serversRES-01, RES-05
Network infrastructure and software defined perimeters (3.1.3)Use an overlay network where the PA acts as network controller and builds per-session pathsExample: Replaces the remote access VPNRES-02 admin access

4.2 Deployment models (SP 800-207 section 3.2)

ModelDescription (paraphrase)Use for
Device agent and gateway (3.2.1)An agent on the device and a gateway in front of the resource communicate with the PAExample: Managed laptops to internal apps
Enclave-based (3.2.2)A gateway protects a group of resources (an enclave) rather than each oneExample: Legacy finance servers that cannot host agents
Resource portal (3.2.3)A portal acts as gateway for subjects without an agentExample: Contractors on unmanaged devices, browser-only
Device application sandboxing (3.2.4)Approved applications run in isolated compartments on the deviceExample: Not planned in the first phases

5. Current state assessment

5.1 Actors, assets and processes

Step (SP 800-207 7.3)FindingEvidence
Identify actors (7.3.1)Example: 2 400 employees, 350 contractors, 900 service accounts, 40 shared admin accountsIdP and directory export
Identify assets (7.3.2)Example: 3 100 managed laptops, unknown share of personal devices, 1 800 cloud workloads, 60 SaaS applicationsMDM, CMDB, cloud inventory
Identify key processes and risks (7.3.3)Example: Payroll run, customer support, software release; highest risk from support access to customer dataBusiness impact analysis

5.2 Maturity stages (CISA ZTMM 2.0)

The ZTMM describes a journey from a Traditional starting point through Initial and Advanced to Optimal, each stage needing more automation, integration and granularity. Summarise each stage in your own words for assessors, for example:

StageShort description used in this assessment
TraditionalManual, static configuration; siloed policies; perimeter-based trust
InitialFirst automation and cross-pillar integration; some policies based on attributes
AdvancedAutomated, centrally managed, integrated across pillars; context-based decisions where feasible
OptimalFully automated, dynamic, just-in-time policies with continuous monitoring across pillars

5.3 Maturity scores by pillar and function

The ZTMM 2.0 has five pillars (Identity, Devices, Networks, Applications and Workloads, Data) and three cross-cutting capabilities (Visibility and Analytics, Automation and Orchestration, Governance). The function names below are those of ZTMM 2.0; check the model for the criteria of each stage.

PillarFunctionCurrent stageEvidenceTarget stage
IdentityAuthenticationExample: Initial (MFA, not phishing-resistant)IdP policy reportAdvanced
IdentityIdentity StoresExample: Traditional (3 directories, manual sync)Directory inventoryAdvanced
IdentityRisk AssessmentsExample: TraditionalNo user risk signalsInitial
IdentityAccess ManagementExample: Initial (standing admin rights)Privileged account reviewAdvanced
DevicesPolicy Enforcement and Compliance MonitoringExample: InitialMDM compliance 72%Advanced
DevicesAsset and Supply Chain Risk ManagementExample: TraditionalCMDB gapsInitial
DevicesResource AccessExample: Traditional (no posture in access decisions)IdP configurationAdvanced
DevicesDevice Threat ProtectionExample: Advanced (EDR on 98% of laptops)EDR consoleAdvanced
NetworksNetwork SegmentationExample: Traditional (flat office and data centre network)Firewall rules reviewAdvanced
NetworksNetwork Traffic ManagementExample: TraditionalStatic rulesInitial
NetworksTraffic EncryptionExample: Initial (internal HTTP in places)Scan resultsAdvanced
NetworksNetwork ResilienceExample: InitialArchitecture reviewInitial
Applications and WorkloadsApplication AccessExample: Initial (VPN then app login)Access pathsAdvanced
Applications and WorkloadsApplication Threat ProtectionsExample: InitialWAF on public apps onlyAdvanced
Applications and WorkloadsAccessible ApplicationsExample: Traditional (internal apps reachable only via VPN)App inventoryAdvanced
Applications and WorkloadsSecure Application Development and Deployment WorkflowExample: InitialCI/CD reviewAdvanced
Applications and WorkloadsApplication Security TestingExample: InitialSAST onlyAdvanced
DataData Inventory ManagementExample: TraditionalNo data catalogueInitial
DataData CategorizationExample: TraditionalPolicy exists, no labelsInitial
DataData AvailabilityExample: InitialBackup reportsInitial
DataData AccessExample: InitialRole-based, broad groupsAdvanced
DataData EncryptionExample: InitialAt rest in cloud; gaps on premisesAdvanced
Cross-cuttingVisibility and AnalyticsExample: InitialSIEM covers 40% of sourcesAdvanced
Cross-cuttingAutomation and OrchestrationExample: TraditionalManual provisioningInitial
Cross-cuttingGovernanceExample: InitialPolicies not enforced technicallyAdvanced

6. Target state

PillarTarget state at end of horizon (Example)
IdentityOne authoritative identity store; phishing-resistant MFA for all workforce; just-in-time privileged access; user risk signals used in access policy
DevicesAll devices accessing priority 1 resources are managed and compliant; posture checked at every session; unmanaged devices limited to browser access through a portal
NetworksData centre segmented by application; remote access VPN retired; all internal traffic to priority 1 and 2 resources encrypted
Applications and WorkloadsAll internal web applications published through the identity-aware proxy; workload-to-workload calls authenticated with workload identities in the service mesh
DataData classified and labelled for priority 1 resources; access policies use classification; encryption at rest and in transit everywhere
Cross-cuttingAll access decisions logged to the SIEM; automated deprovisioning; zero trust policies reviewed by a policy board

Target logical view:

7. Roadmap by pillar

7.1 Phases

PhaseThemeDurationExit criterion
P1Example: Foundations: identity consolidation, MFA, device inventory, logging6 monthsAll workforce on one IdP with MFA; 95% device inventory coverage
P2Example: First protect surfaces: RES-01 and RES-02 behind PEPs with posture checks6 monthsNo VPN-only access to RES-01 or RES-02
P3Example: Segmentation and workload identity9 monthsEast-west deny by default in data centre; mesh for cloud A
P4Example: Data-centric controls and automation9 monthsClassification-based access for priority 1 data; automated provisioning

7.2 Roadmap items

IDPillarItemPhaseDepends onExit criterionOwner
ZT-ID-001IdentityExample: Consolidate three directories into one authoritative identity storeP1noneSingle source for workforce identities[@identity]
ZT-ID-002IdentityExample: Phishing-resistant MFA for administrators, then all staffP1 to P2ZT-ID-001100% admins, 95% staff[@identity]
ZT-ID-003IdentityExample: Just-in-time privileged access; remove 40 shared admin accountsP2ZT-ID-001No standing domain admin rights[@identity]
ZT-DEV-001DevicesExample: Enrol all corporate devices in MDM; inventory personal devices that access emailP1none95% coverage[@endpoint]
ZT-DEV-002DevicesExample: Device compliance as a condition for priority 1 accessP2ZT-DEV-001, ZT-ID-001Non-compliant devices denied or limited[@endpoint]
ZT-NET-001NetworksExample: Replace remote access VPN with identity-aware proxy for web appsP2ZT-ID-002VPN users below 5%[@network]
ZT-NET-002NetworksExample: Segment data centre by application, deny east-west by defaultP3ZT-VIS-001Flow logs show only allowed paths[@network]
ZT-APP-001Applications and WorkloadsExample: Publish internal web applications through the PEPP2ZT-NET-001Priority 1 and 2 apps published[@app-platform]
ZT-APP-002Applications and WorkloadsExample: Workload identities and mutual TLS in cloud A service meshP3noneAll service-to-service calls authenticated[@app-platform]
ZT-DATA-001DataExample: Classify and label data in RES-01 and RES-02P3noneLabels on 90% of records or files in scope[@data-governance]
ZT-DATA-002DataExample: Classification-aware access policy and data loss preventionP4ZT-DATA-001Policy enforced in PEP[@data-governance]
ZT-VIS-001Visibility and AnalyticsExample: Send IdP, PEP, EDR and flow logs to the SIEMP1none90% of sources onboarded[@soc]
ZT-AUT-001Automation and OrchestrationExample: Automated joiner, mover, leaver provisioning from HR systemP4ZT-ID-001Deprovisioning within 1 hour[@identity]
ZT-GOV-001GovernanceExample: Zero trust policy board and policy-as-code review processP1noneMonthly board; policies versioned[@ciso]
[ZT-XXX-nnn][Pillar][Item][Phase][Depends on][Exit][@owner]

7.3 Migration steps

Follow the incremental steps of SP 800-207 section 7.3 for each new protect surface: identify actors (7.3.1), assets (7.3.2) and processes and risks (7.3.3); formulate policies (7.3.4); identify candidate solutions (7.3.5); deploy and monitor initially, often in observe-only mode (7.3.6); then expand (7.3.7). Record each protect surface's progress in 13.

8. Access policy and trust algorithm

8.1 Policy inputs

InputSourceUsed for
Subject identity, group, role, authentication strengthIdPAll decisions
Device managed, compliant, patch level, EDR healthyMDM and EDRPriority 1 and 2 resources
User and sign-in riskIdP risk engine, SIEMStep-up or deny
Resource classification and owner policyData catalogue, application registryRequired strength per resource
Time, location, networkRequest contextAnomaly signals, not sole basis
Threat intelligenceFeeds, SOCBlock known bad infrastructure

8.2 Policy rules

Rule IDResourceConditionDecision
POL-001 (Example)RES-01 FinanceEmployee in finance group, phishing-resistant MFA, managed compliant device, low riskAllow, session 8 h, re-evaluate on risk change
POL-002 (Example)RES-01 FinanceSame, but unmanaged deviceDeny
POL-003 (Example)RES-02 Customer adminEngineer with approved just-in-time elevation, managed deviceAllow for 1 h, session recorded
POL-004 (Example)RES-04 CollaborationContractor, MFA, unmanaged deviceAllow browser-only via portal, no downloads
POL-005 (Example)AnySign-in risk highDeny and alert SOC
[POL-nnn][Resource][Condition][Decision]

Policies are versioned as code, tested in report-only mode before enforcement and reviewed by the policy board (ZT-GOV-001).

9. Reference implementations and example builds

NIST SP 1800-35 (final, June 2025) documents example zero trust implementations built by the NIST National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence with industry collaborators using commercially available technology, mapped to SP 800-207 and to security standards. As published, it describes 19 example implementations; check the current guide for the list of builds, the technologies used and the lessons learned.

Our roadmap itemRelevant SP 1800-35 materialWhat we take from it
ZT-ID-002, ZT-DEV-002Example: Builds using the enhanced identity governance approachIntegration of IdP, device posture and PEP
ZT-NET-001Example: Builds using software defined perimeter componentsReplacing VPN access paths
ZT-NET-002Example: Builds using micro-segmentationSequencing segmentation with monitoring first
[Item][Build or volume][Lesson]

10. Governance and operating model

ElementDescription
Steering committeeExample: CISO (chair), CIO, business unit leads; quarterly; approves phases and funding
Policy boardExample: Security architecture, identity, network, application owners; monthly; approves access policies and exceptions
Pillar ownersOne accountable owner per pillar and cross-cutting capability
Exception processTime-limited exceptions with compensating controls, recorded in the risk register
Change managementEvery policy change tested in report-only mode, then enforced with rollback plan
CommunicationsUser communications before each enforcement change; help desk briefed

11. Metrics

IDMetricBaselineTargetSource
M-01Example: Workforce accounts with phishing-resistant MFA12%95%IdP
M-02Example: Priority 1 resources behind a PEP with posture check0 of 22 of 2Application registry
M-03Example: Remote access sessions over VPN2 100 per dayBelow 100 per dayVPN logs
M-04Example: Standing privileged accounts40 shared, 120 personal0 shared, 20 break-glass and servicePAM
M-05Example: Allowed east-west flows in data centre not on the allow listUnknown0Flow logs
M-06Example: Access decisions logged centrally40%100%SIEM
M-07Example: Time to deprovision a leaver5 days1 hourIdentity governance
M-08Example: ZTMM functions at or above target stage3 of 2525 of 25Section 5.3 reassessment
[M-nn][Metric][Baseline][Target][Source]

12. Risks

IDRiskSourceLikelihoodImpactMitigationOwner
RSK-01Example: Subversion of the decision process (PE or PA misconfigured or compromised)SP 800-207 5.1LowHighPolicy as code with review; admin access to PE/PA under strongest controls; audit[@name]
RSK-02Example: Denial of service or outage of PEP or PA blocks all accessSP 800-207 5.2MediumHighRedundant PEPs and PA across regions; tested break-glass path[@name]
RSK-03Example: Stolen credentials or insider within policySP 800-207 5.3MediumHighPhishing-resistant MFA, least privilege, behavioural analytics[@name]
RSK-04Example: Encrypted traffic reduces network inspectionSP 800-207 5.4HighMediumEndpoint and PEP telemetry; metadata analysis[@name]
RSK-05Example: Policy and log stores become high-value targetsSP 800-207 5.5MediumHighRestricted access, integrity protection, retention rules[@name]
RSK-06Example: Vendor lock-in through proprietary formatsSP 800-207 5.6MediumMediumOpen standards for identity (SAML, OIDC, SCIM) and logs[@name]
RSK-07Example: Automated non-person entities in administration misbehave or are abusedSP 800-207 5.7MediumMediumSeparate identities, scoped permissions, monitoring of automation accounts[@name]
RSK-08Example: User friction leads to shadow ITProgrammeMediumMediumSingle sign-on, communication, phased enforcement[@name]
[RSK-nn][Risk][Source][L / M / H][L / M / H][Mitigation][@name]

13. Traceability

ObjectiveTenetsRoadmap itemsPoliciesMetrics
OBJ-01T-2, T-3ZT-NET-001, ZT-APP-001POL-001, POL-004M-02, M-03
OBJ-02T-6ZT-ID-002POL-001M-01
OBJ-03T-3, T-4, T-5ZT-DEV-002, ZT-ID-003POL-001 to POL-003M-02, M-04
OBJ-04T-2ZT-NET-002, ZT-APP-002[Segment policies]M-05
OBJ-05T-7ZT-VIS-001AllM-06
[OBJ-nn][Tenets][Items][Policies][Metrics]
Protect surfaceStep reached (SP 800-207 7.3)Next stepDate
RES-01Example: 7.3.4 policies formulated7.3.6 initial deployment in report-only modeYYYY-MM-DD
RES-02Example: 7.3.6 initial deployment7.3.7 expand to all support staffYYYY-MM-DD
[RES-nn][Step][Next]YYYY-MM-DD

14. Glossary and references

14.1 Glossary

TermMeaning
Zero trust (ZT)Security concepts that minimise uncertainty in per-request access decisions by not granting trust based on network location or asset ownership alone
Zero trust architecture (ZTA)An enterprise's plan for applying zero trust principles to its infrastructure and workflows
Policy engine (PE)Component that makes the access decision
Policy administrator (PA)Component that sets up or tears down the session path according to the PE's decision
Policy enforcement point (PEP)Component that enables, monitors and terminates connections to a resource
Protect surfaceA resource or group of resources protected as a unit
PillarZTMM area of capability: Identity, Devices, Networks, Applications and Workloads, Data
Micro-segmentationDividing the network into small segments with enforcement between them

14.2 References

ReferenceUse
NIST SP 800-207, Zero Trust Architecture, Rose, Borchert, Mitchell and Connelly, August 2020, doi:10.6028/NIST.SP.800-207Tenets (2), components (3), approaches (4), migration (5.1, 7.3), threats (12)
CISA, Zero Trust Maturity Model, Version 2.0, April 2023 (cisa.gov/zero-trust-maturity-model)Pillars, functions, cross-cutting capabilities and stages (5.2, 5.3)
NIST SP 1800-35, Implementing a Zero Trust Architecture, final, June 2025 (csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/1800/35/final)Example builds (9)
NIST SP 800-207A, A Zero Trust Architecture Model for Access Control in Cloud-Native Applications in Multi-Cloud Environments, September 2023Workload access in cloud-native environments (optional)
Security Architecture Document Template (NIST SP 800-160, STRIDE) (security/security-architecture)System-level security architecture under this plan
Threat Model Template (STRIDE) (security/threat-model)Threats per protect surface
NIST CSF 2.0 Profile Template (compliance/nist-csf)Organisation-level cybersecurity profile
Access Review Template (ops/access-review)Periodic access reviews during migration

Standard and licence note

Based on NIST SP 800-207 (August 2020), NIST SP 1800-35 (final, June 2025) and the CISA Zero Trust Maturity Model Version 2.0 (April 2023), which are works of the United States Government and not subject to copyright in the United States. Section numbers, component names, pillar, function and stage names are cited; the explanations are original paraphrases. Check the current official versions at nist.gov and cisa.gov before relying on this plan, as updates or revisions may have been published. Original text written for this collection. Template licence: MIT.

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