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सीखना
Back-of-Envelope Estimation and Capacity Model Template
पूर्णReference latency and unit tables, assumptions register, QPS, storage, bandwidth, cache, server and cost formulas, worked example, sensitivity, traceability
Jeff Dean latency numbers (LADIS 2009)Caching Strategy Template (Cache-Aside, Invalidation, Stampede Control)
मानकPer-data-class cache decision: placement, read/write pattern, hit ratio and memory sizing, TTL, invalidation, stampede control, cold start
Scaling Memcache at Facebook (NSDI 2013); RFC 9111; RFC 5861
संदर्भ डिज़ाइन
News Feed System Design Template (Reference Design)
पूर्णSocial feed: hybrid fan-out on write and read, celebrity threshold, ranking pipeline, feed cache, snapshot pagination, media
Twitter 'Timelines at Scale' (QCon SF 2012), cited as a case studySocial Graph Store System Design Template
पूर्णObjects and associations model, leader and follower cache tiers, read-after-write, hot vertices, inverse edges, sharding, failure modes
Photo Sharing System Design Template
पूर्णResumable direct upload, media pipeline, display sizes, storage tiers, 64-bit time-sortable ids, sharded PostgreSQL, celebrity fan-out, CDN
Video Streaming System Design Template (Reference Design)
पूर्णVideo upload and ABR streaming: chunked transcoding, renditions ladder, CMAF HLS/DASH, CDN, DRM note, view counts, storage tiers
ISO/IEC 23009-1:2026 (DASH); ISO/IEC 23000-19:2024 (CMAF); ISO/IEC 23001-7:2023 (CENC); RFC 8216 (HLS)Live Streaming System Design Template
पूर्णRTMP, SRT and WHIP ingest, transcoding ladder, LL-HLS and LL-DASH, origin and edge fan-out, latency budget, chat and event sync, VOD archive
RFC 8216; HTTP Live Streaming 2nd Edition draft (rfc8216bis-22); RFC 9725 (WHIP)Chat System Design Template (Reference Design)
पूर्णReal-time 1:1 and group chat: WebSocket gateways, per-conversation ordering, fan-out, receipts, offline sync, push, E2EE
IETF RFC 6455 (WebSocket); RFC 9420 (MLS)Notification Service System Design Template (Reference Design)
पूर्णPush, email, SMS and in-app: templates, preferences and opt-out, priority queues, caps, provider failover, retries, dedup
RFC 8058; RFC 9989 (DMARC, May 2026); Netflix RENO case studyEmail Delivery System Design Template
पूर्णTransactional email platform: message classes, per-destination queues, RFC 5321 retries, SPF/DKIM/DMARC, IP warm-up, bounces, one-click unsubscribe
RFC 5321; RFC 6376; RFC 7208; RFC 9989 (DMARC, May 2026); RFC 8058Search Autocomplete System Design Template (Reference Design)
पूर्णTypeahead: trie/FST/edge n-gram index, popularity and recency ranking, query-log pipeline, edge cache, latency budget, safety
RFC 9110; RFC 9111Recommendation System Design Template
पूर्णRecommender funnel: two-tower retrieval and ANN, pre-ranking and ranking, feature freshness, training, exploration, A/B tests, feedback loops and bias
Video Conferencing System Design Template (WebRTC SFU)
पूर्णWebRTC video meetings: mesh vs MCU vs SFU, simulcast layers, bandwidth estimation and layer selection, SFU cascading, raw track recording, SFrame E2EE
W3C WebRTC Recommendation (13 March 2025); RFC 3550; RFC 7667; RFC 8853; RFC 8888; RFC 9605