Cloud Security Posture Review Template (CSA CCM v4.1)
Periodic cloud posture review: scope, shared responsibility, CSPM findings by CCM v4.1 domain, identity, exposure, data, logging, drift, risks, actions, trend
使い方: Use it when you review the configuration posture of AWS, Azure or Google Cloud estates each quarter. Fill scope, coverage gaps and the CCM domain table first, then rate risk and agree actions. The main pitfall is reporting raw finding counts instead of risk, exposure and trend.
プレビュー
Cloud Security Posture Review: [Organisation or cloud estate name], [review period]
Periodic review of the security posture of one or more cloud estates: scope and accounts, shared responsibility split, cloud security posture management (CSPM) findings grouped by the domains of the Cloud Security Alliance Cloud Controls Matrix (CCM) v4.1 (January 2026), identity, network exposure, data protection, logging coverage, guardrail drift, exceptions, risk rating, remediation plan and trend against the previous review. CCM domains are cited by name and identifier only; CIS Benchmarks are named as configuration baselines and not reproduced. This report records the state of an estate at a point in time; the approved patterns it checks against live in Cloud Security Reference Patterns (
security/cloud-security-reference-patterns) and the landing zone design. Replace every[bracketed]value and every row marked Example. Worked examples use Corvid Commerce, a fictional SaaS company.
Document control
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Document ID | [CSPR-YYYY-QN] |
| Version | [0.1] |
| Status | [Draft / In review / Approved / Superseded] |
| Owner | [@cloud-security-lead] |
| Approvers / reviewers | [@ciso], [@head-of-platform], [@cloud-account-owners] |
| Last updated | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Classification | Confidential: contains unremediated weaknesses |
| Review period | [YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD] |
| Data snapshot date | YYYY-MM-DD (CSPM export and inventory taken on this date) |
| Estates in scope | [Example: AWS organisation, Microsoft Azure tenant, Google Cloud organisation] |
| Baselines used | [Internal cloud baseline v[x]; CIS Benchmark for [provider] v[x] (licensed copy); provider security recommendations] |
| Control framework mapping | CSA CCM v4.1 (domains and control IDs only) |
| Previous review | [CSPR-YYYY-QN] |
| Next review | YYYY-MM-DD |
Approvals
| Role | Name | Decision | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chief information security officer | [@name] | [Accepted / Changes requested] | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Head of platform or cloud engineering | [@name] | [Decision] | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Risk owner for exceptions (section 10) | [@name] | [Decision] | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Internal audit (observer) | [@name] | [Noted] | YYYY-MM-DD |
Revision history
| Version | Date | Author | Change summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.1 | YYYY-MM-DD | [@name] | Draft from CSPM export and inventory |
| 0.2 | YYYY-MM-DD | [@name] | Example: Account owners validated findings; false positives removed |
| 1.0 | YYYY-MM-DD | [@name] | Example: Accepted by CISO; remediation plan agreed |
Contents
- Executive summary
- Scope and review method
- Estate inventory and shared responsibility
- Findings by CCM domain
- Identity and access posture
- Network exposure
- Data protection and encryption
- Logging and detection coverage
- Guardrail drift and policy as code
- Exceptions and risk acceptance
- Risk rating
- Remediation plan
- Trend and metrics
- Glossary and references
1. Executive summary
Overall posture: [Improving / Stable / Deteriorating] compared with [previous review ID].
Example (Corvid Commerce, Q3 2026): Posture improved for the second quarter in a row. The configuration pass rate rose from 92.5% to 93.6% and open critical findings fell from 7 to 4. Excluding 120 checks added by the CSPM vendor this quarter, the like-for-like pass rate is 93.9% (section 13). The legacy analytics account holds one of the four open critical findings (two internet-readable buckets with customer exports, CSPR-F-001) and a public database endpoint pending exception EXC-021. It needs a decision this cycle: either migrate the workload into the governed landing zone or accept the risk for 90 days with compensating controls. Logging coverage of the cloud control plane is complete, but data-plane logging for object storage covers only 71% of buckets holding confidential data.
| Headline measure | Previous | Current | Target | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Configuration pass rate (section 13) Example | 92.5% | 93.6% | 95.0% | Improving |
| Open critical findings Example | 7 | 4 | 0 | Off target |
| Open high findings Example | 31 | 23 | 10 or fewer | Off target |
| Critical findings past SLA Example | 3 | 1 | 0 | Off target |
| Accounts outside the governed landing zone Example | 5 | 3 | 0 | Improving |
| Control-plane audit logging coverage Example | 98% | 100% | 100% | On target |
Top risks (detail in section 11):
- Example: RISK-CSPR-001: public read access on two storage buckets with customer exports in the legacy analytics account.
- Example: RISK-CSPR-002: long-lived access keys for 14 machine users, 3 of them (used by a third-party ETL tool) with administrative rights.
- Example: RISK-CSPR-003: incomplete data-plane logging on confidential storage limits breach investigation.
Decisions requested:
| ID | Decision | Options | Recommended | Decision owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEC-001 (Example) | Legacy analytics account | Migrate by YYYY-MM-DD, or accept risk 90 days | Migrate; interim block of public access | [@cto] |
| DEC-002 (Example) | Ban new static cloud keys for workloads | Policy now, or after workload identity rollout | Policy now, with 60-day exception path | [@ciso] |
2. Scope and review method
2.1 Scope
| Item | In scope | Out of scope (reason) |
|---|---|---|
| Cloud estates | [Example: AWS organisation corvid-prod-org, Azure tenant corvid.example, Google Cloud organisation corvid.example] | [Example: Partner-managed marketing site (covered by supplier assessment)] |
| Environments | [Production, staging, shared services, sandbox] | [Developer personal sandboxes with no data (spot-checked only)] |
| Regions | [All enabled regions] | [None] |
| Service types | IaaS, PaaS, managed Kubernetes, serverless, managed databases, object storage | SaaS applications (covered by SaaS posture review) |
| Identity planes | Cloud IAM, workforce identity provider federation into cloud | Customer identity (see CIAM design) |
2.2 Method
- Export the CSPM finding set and the cloud asset inventory on the snapshot date.
- Reconcile the account list from the CSPM tool with the organisation or tenant hierarchy. Record every account the tool does not cover in section 3.3.
- Map each failed check to one CCM v4.1 domain (primary) using the control ID mapping held in the CSPM tool or the internal baseline. Record unmapped checks as "Unmapped" and fix the mapping.
- Remove confirmed false positives with a written reason; keep the count.
- Validate the top findings with account owners in a 30-minute session per business unit.
- Rate risk per theme using section 11 and agree actions in section 12.
- Compare with the previous review (section 13).
2.3 Sources of evidence
| Source | What it provides | Owner |
|---|---|---|
| CSPM platform [name] | Configuration findings against baselines, mapped to CCM | [@cloud-security] |
| Provider-native security hubs [names] | Provider recommendations and threat findings | [@cloud-security] |
| Cloud asset inventory | Accounts, resources, tags, owners | [@platform] |
| Identity provider and cloud IAM reports | Users, roles, keys, last use | [@iam-team] |
| Policy-as-code repository | Preventive guardrails and their versions | [@platform] |
| SIEM log source register | Log types ingested per account | [@soc] |
2.4 Limitations
- [Example: The CSPM tool evaluates configuration only; it does not observe runtime traffic or application flaws.]
- [Example: Two Azure subscriptions were onboarded mid-period; their trend data starts at this review.]
- [Example: CIS Benchmark checks rely on the CSPM vendor's licensed implementation; the benchmark text is not reproduced here.]
3. Estate inventory and shared responsibility
3.1 Estate summary
| Estate | Accounts, subscriptions or projects | In CSPM | Resources evaluated | Owner tags complete |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AWS Example | 42 accounts | 41 | 9,880 | 96% |
| Microsoft Azure Example | 9 subscriptions | 9 | 2,310 | 91% |
| Google Cloud Example | 6 projects | 5 | 1,140 | 88% |
| Total Example | 57 | 55 | 13,330 |
3.2 Shared responsibility split
Record who operates each layer for the main service models. The provider's published shared responsibility model is the starting point; the customer column is what this review measures.
| Layer | IaaS (virtual machines) | PaaS (managed database) | Serverless functions | Managed Kubernetes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical, hypervisor, provider network | Provider | Provider | Provider | Provider |
| Operating system patching | Customer | Provider | Provider | Provider (control plane), customer (node images unless auto-upgraded) |
| Network controls (security groups, firewall rules, private endpoints) | Customer | Customer | Customer | Customer |
| Identity, roles and keys | Customer | Customer | Customer | Customer (cluster RBAC and cloud IAM) |
| Data classification and encryption choices | Customer | Customer | Customer | Customer |
| Logging enablement and retention | Customer | Customer | Customer | Customer |
| Application code and dependencies | Customer | Customer | Customer | Customer |
3.3 Coverage gaps
| ID | Account or scope | Gap | Impact | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GAP-001 (Example) | AWS corvid-legacy-analytics | Not onboarded to CSPM; created before the landing zone | Findings unknown beyond manual sample | Onboard by YYYY-MM-DD (ACT-006) |
| GAP-002 (Example) | Google Cloud project corvid-ml-sandbox | CSPM service account lacks folder-level viewer role | No evaluation this period | Grant role, re-run |
4. Findings by CCM domain
CCM v4.1 has 17 domains and 207 control specifications. The table lists every domain so that gaps in assessment are visible. Counts are open findings after false-positive removal. Domains marked "Other evidence" are not assessed by configuration scanning and are covered by the reviews named.
| CCM domain ID | Domain name | Critical | High | Medium | Low | Total | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A&A | Audit and Assurance | Other evidence: internal audit plan | |||||
| AIS | Application and Interface Security | 0 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 11 | Example: API gateway TLS policy, WAF logging |
| BCR | Business Continuity Management and Operational Resilience | Other evidence: DR test reports | |||||
| CCC | Change Control and Configuration Management | 0 | 0 | 5 | 12 | 17 | Example: resources created outside IaC |
| CEK | Cryptography, Encryption and Key Management | 0 | 2 | 9 | 12 | 23 | Example: key rotation disabled on 9 keys |
| DCS | Datacenter Security | Provider responsibility; provider attestation reports reviewed | |||||
| DSP | Data Security and Privacy Lifecycle Management | 1 | 4 | 14 | 22 | 41 | Example: public buckets, untagged data stores |
| GRC | Governance, Risk and Compliance | Other evidence: exception register (section 10) | |||||
| HRS | Human Resources | Out of scope for configuration review | |||||
| IAM | Identity and Access Management | 2 | 8 | 21 | 30 | 61 | Example: static keys, unused admin roles |
| IPY | Interoperability and Portability | Out of scope for configuration review | |||||
| IVS | Infrastructure and Virtualization Security | 1 | 6 | 19 | 25 | 51 | Example: open management ports, flat VPCs |
| LOG | Logging and Monitoring | 0 | 2 | 11 | 18 | 31 | Example: bucket access logs, flow logs |
| SEF | Security Incident Management, E-Discovery and Cloud Forensics | Other evidence: incident response exercise | |||||
| STA | Supply Chain Management, Transparency and Accountability | Other evidence: supplier assessments | |||||
| TVM | Threat and Vulnerability Management | 0 | 1 | 6 | 14 | 21 | Example: outdated node images, scanner agents missing |
| UEM | Universal Endpoint Management | Out of scope (endpoint programme) | |||||
| Total | 4 | 23 | 88 | 141 | 256 | Example |
Domain names follow the CCM v4 structure; confirm them against your licensed CCM v4.1 copy, which is the authoritative list.
4.1 Finding record format
Record each finding that is critical, high or part of a top risk in this format.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Finding ID | CSPR-F-[NNN] |
| CCM domain and control ID | [Example: DSP, DSP-[nn]] |
| Baseline check | [Internal check ID or CSPM rule ID] |
| Resource and account | [ARN, resource ID or URI], [account] |
| Severity (tool) and rated risk (section 11) | [Critical / High / Medium / Low] |
| Exposure | [Internet-facing / Internal / Isolated] |
| Data class | [Restricted / Confidential / Internal / Public] |
| First seen | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Owner | [@team] |
| Status | [Open / In remediation / Excepted / Closed] |
| Action ID | [ACT-NNN] |
4.2 Top findings
| Finding ID | Domain | Summary | Exposure | Data | Age (days) | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSPR-F-001 (Example) | DSP | Two object storage buckets allow anonymous read | Internet | Confidential (customer exports) | 37 | [@analytics] |
| CSPR-F-002 (Example) | IAM | Machine users of the third-party ETL tool with an administrative policy; oldest access key 400 days | Internal | Restricted | 400 | [@data-platform] |
| CSPR-F-003 (Example) | IAM | Entra ID Global Administrator account without phishing-resistant MFA in the Azure tenant | Internal | Restricted | 5 | [@azure-admins] |
| CSPR-F-004 (Example) | IVS | Remote administration port open to any address on a bastion replacement host | Internet | Internal | 6 | [@ops] |
5. Identity and access posture
Target model: IAM Solution Design (security/iam-solution-design). Secret
and key rules: Secrets Management Standard (security/secrets-management-standard).
| Measure | Formula | Previous | Current | Target |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human cloud access through federation Example | federated human principals / all human principals | 94% | 98% | 100% |
| Privileged roles with phishing-resistant MFA Example | privileged humans with FIDO2 or equivalent / privileged humans | 89% | 95% | 100% |
| Static access keys for workloads Example | count of active long-lived keys attached to machine identities | 22 | 14 | 0 |
| Keys older than rotation period Example | keys older than the standard's period / active keys | 41% | 29% | 0% |
| Unused privileged roles (90 days) Example | count | 17 | 9 | 0 |
| Standing administrator assignments Example | permanent admin assignments not using just-in-time elevation | 31 | 18 | 5 or fewer (break-glass only) |
Observations:
- [Example: Just-in-time elevation is live in AWS and Azure; Google Cloud still relies on standing project owner grants in two projects.]
- [Example: Cross-account trust policies allow assumption from three external accounts not listed in the supplier register.]
6. Network exposure
| Exposure class | Count | With approved reason | Behind WAF or managed edge | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public load balancers and gateways Example | 18 | 18 | 18 | Expected |
| Virtual machines with public IP Example | 7 | 4 | 0 | 3 without reason (ACT-004) |
| Management ports open to any source Example | 2 | 0 | 0 | Critical and high findings |
| Managed databases with public endpoint Example | 1 | 0 | 0 | Legacy analytics |
| Publicly readable object storage Example | 5 | 3 (static web assets) | 3 | 2 unexpected (CSPR-F-001) |
| Kubernetes API endpoints public Example | 2 | 2 (IP allow-list) | n/a | Plan private endpoints; see Kubernetes Cluster Design (ops/kubernetes-cluster-design) |
Record the external attack surface source (CSPM, external scanning, DNS inventory) and reconcile them: a public address found by external scanning but missing from the inventory is a high finding.
7. Data protection and encryption
| Measure | Previous | Current | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data stores with a data classification tag Example | 81% | 87% | 100% |
| Confidential or restricted stores encrypted with customer-managed keys Example | 72% | 80% | 100% |
| Customer-managed keys with rotation enabled Example | 84% | 90% | 100% |
| Stores with public access block at account level Example | 39 of 42 AWS accounts | 41 of 42 | All |
| Backups encrypted and in a separate account or vault Example | 90% | 93% | 100% |
| TLS 1.2 or later enforced on public endpoints Example | 97% | 100% | 100% |
Key management practices are defined in PKI and Certificate Architecture
(security/pki-certificate-architecture) and the secrets standard. Record
deviations here only as findings.
8. Logging and detection coverage
Required sources and retention: Security Logging Standard (security/security-logging-standard).
| Log source | Accounts required | Enabled | Centralised in SIEM | Immutable storage | Detection rules active |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control-plane audit logs Example | 57 | 57 | 57 | Yes | 42 |
| Identity provider sign-in logs Example | n/a | Yes | Yes | Yes | 18 |
| Network flow logs (production) Example | 24 | 22 | 22 | Yes | 6 |
| Object storage data access logs (confidential) Example | 31 buckets | 22 | 22 | Yes | 3 |
| Managed Kubernetes audit logs Example | 6 clusters | 6 | 6 | Yes | 9 |
| DNS query logs Example | 24 | 15 | 15 | No | 2 |
Coverage formula: coverage = sources enabled and centralised / sources required. Example: data access logs on confidential buckets = 22 / 31 = 71%.
9. Guardrail drift and policy as code
Approved guardrails: Cloud Landing Zone Design (architecture/landing-zone-design), section 7 and section 9.
| Guardrail ID | Guardrail | Type | Expected scope | Applied | Drift | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GR-001 (Example) | Deny disabling of control-plane audit logs | Preventive (organisation policy) | All accounts | 57 / 57 | None | |
| GR-002 (Example) | Deny public object storage unless tagged public-approved | Preventive | All accounts except web asset account | 54 / 56 | 2 accounts excluded without record | ACT-001 |
| GR-003 (Example) | Deny creation of long-lived user access keys | Preventive | Workload accounts | 30 / 42 | Not applied in legacy OU | ACT-002 |
| GR-004 (Example) | Require encryption with customer-managed keys for restricted data stores | Detective with auto-ticket | All | 57 / 57 | Rule version 1.3 deployed, 1.4 approved | ACT-007 |
| GR-005 (Example) | Restrict regions to approved list | Preventive | All | 57 / 57 | None |
Also record:
- Resources created outside IaC (click-ops) in production: [Example: 63 resources, 0.8% of 7,900 production resources].
- Policy-as-code test pass rate in the pipeline: [Example: 100% of 48 policy tests].
- Accounts vended without the baseline in the period: [Example: 0].
10. Exceptions and risk acceptance
| Exception ID | Finding or guardrail | Reason | Compensating controls | Residual risk | Approved by | Expiry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXC-014 (Example) | GR-002 for corvid-web-assets | Static website assets must be public | Bucket holds only build output; write access limited to the release pipeline | Low | [@ciso] | YYYY-MM-DD |
| EXC-019 (Example) | CSPR-F-002: the 3 ETL machine-user keys (recorded in the secrets standard register as SMX-003) | Third-party ETL tool does not support workload identity | Administrative policy replaced by a policy scoped to the ETL buckets (ACT-002), IP condition, 30-day rotation, alert on use from a new IP | Medium | [@ciso] | YYYY-MM-DD (90 days) |
| EXC-021 (Example) | Public database endpoint in legacy analytics | Pending migration (DEC-001) | IP allow-list, TLS required, database audit logging on | High | Pending decision | n/a |
Rules applied in this review:
- Exceptions for critical findings require CISO approval and expire after at most 90 days (Example).
- Exceptions for high findings require the head of platform and expire after at most 180 days (Example).
- An exception with no compensating control is not granted; the finding stays open and escalates.
- Expired exceptions this period: [Example: 2, both reopened as findings].
11. Risk rating
Rating method (Example): likelihood 1 to 5 multiplied by impact 1 to 5. Score 15 to 25 is High, 8 to 14 is Medium, 1 to 7 is Low. Use the scale in your enterprise risk methodology if one exists.
| Risk ID | Theme | Linked findings | Likelihood | Impact | Score | Rating | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RISK-CSPR-001 (Example) | Public exposure of customer exports | CSPR-F-001, EXC-021 | 4 | 5 | 20 | High | Mitigate (ACT-001, ACT-006) |
| RISK-CSPR-002 (Example) | Long-lived privileged machine credentials | CSPR-F-002, GR-003 drift | 3 | 5 | 15 | High | Mitigate (ACT-002) |
| RISK-CSPR-003 (Example) | Insufficient data-plane logging for investigations | Section 8 | 3 | 4 | 12 | Medium | Mitigate (ACT-005) |
| RISK-CSPR-004 (Example) | Open management ports on internet-facing hosts | CSPR-F-004 | 3 | 4 | 12 | Medium | Mitigate (ACT-004) |
| RISK-CSPR-005 (Example) | Standing administrator assignments in Google Cloud | Section 5 | 2 | 4 | 8 | Medium | Mitigate (ACT-003) |
Transfer High and Medium risks to the enterprise risk register (Risk
Register Template, compliance/risk-register) with the same IDs.
12. Remediation plan
| Action ID | Action | Reduces | Owner | Due | Verification | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACT-001 (Example) | Remove public access from the two buckets; apply GR-002 to the two excluded accounts | RISK-CSPR-001 | [@analytics-lead] | YYYY-MM-DD | CSPM check passes; external scan shows no anonymous read | In progress |
| ACT-002 (Example) | Apply GR-003 to legacy OU; replace 11 of the 14 workload keys with workload identity; scope the 3 ETL keys under EXC-019 to the ETL buckets | RISK-CSPR-002 | [@platform-lead] | YYYY-MM-DD | Static workload key count is 3 or fewer, each covered by EXC-019; no key has an administrative policy | Planned |
| ACT-003 (Example) | Move Google Cloud owner grants to just-in-time elevation | RISK-CSPR-005 | [@gcp-admin] | YYYY-MM-DD | IAM report shows no standing owner outside break-glass | Planned |
| ACT-004 (Example) | Close management ports; use session manager or identity-aware proxy | RISK-CSPR-004 | [@ops-lead] | YYYY-MM-DD | No port 22 or 3389 open to any source | In progress |
| ACT-005 (Example) | Enable data access logging on the 9 remaining confidential buckets and ingest to SIEM | RISK-CSPR-003 | [@soc-lead] | YYYY-MM-DD | Coverage 31 / 31 | Planned |
| ACT-006 (Example) | Onboard legacy analytics account to CSPM; migrate per DEC-001 | RISK-CSPR-001, GAP-001 | [@analytics-lead] | YYYY-MM-DD | Account in CSPM and landing zone | Planned |
| ACT-007 (Example) | Deploy GR-004 rule version 1.4 | Section 7 | [@platform-lead] | YYYY-MM-DD | Policy version in all accounts | Planned |
Remediation SLAs for findings follow Vulnerability Management Policy
(security/vulnerability-management-policy) where the finding is a
vulnerability, and the internal cloud baseline for configuration findings.
Example configuration SLAs: critical 7 days, high 30 days, medium 90 days,
low next quarterly cycle.
13. Trend and metrics
| Metric | Formula | Q4 prev. year | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 (current) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Configuration pass rate Example | passed checks / evaluated checks | 89.9% | 91.2% | 92.5% (16,380 / 17,700) | 93.6% (17,236 / 18,420) |
| Open critical findings Example | count at snapshot | 12 | 9 | 7 | 4 |
| Open findings, all severities Example | count at snapshot | 341 | 297 | 263 | 256 |
| Mean time to remediate, critical (days) Example | sum of days open for closed criticals / closed criticals | 19 | 14 | 11 | 8 |
| SLA adherence, critical and high Example | closed within SLA / closed | 71% | 78% | 83% | 88% |
| Accounts with full guardrail set Example | compliant accounts / accounts in scope | 84% | 88% | 91% | 95% |
Rule set changes in the period: [Example: the CSPM vendor added 120 checks for managed AI services in Q3, producing 640 evaluations of which 541 passed (84.5%). Excluding them, the Q3 like-for-like pass rate is (17,236 - 541) / (18,420 - 640) = 16,695 / 17,780 = 93.9%, so the wider rule set lowered the headline rate by about 0.3 points and the like-for-like gain over Q2 is 1.4 points (92.5% to 93.9%).]
13.1 Sign-off
Acceptance criteria for closing this review:
- Every critical and high finding has an action or an approved exception.
- Every High risk has a named treatment owner and appears in the risk register.
- Coverage gaps (section 3.3) have onboarding actions.
- Decisions in section 1 are recorded with the decision owner.
14. Glossary and references
14.1 Glossary
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| CSPM | Cloud security posture management: tooling that evaluates cloud configuration against rules and reports deviations |
| CCM | Cloud Controls Matrix: the CSA control framework for cloud computing, organised into domains and control IDs |
| Guardrail | A preventive or detective control applied centrally across accounts, usually as policy as code |
| Drift | A difference between the approved configuration or guardrail set and what is deployed |
| Shared responsibility | The split of security duties between the cloud provider and the customer for each service model |
| Pass rate | Passed checks divided by evaluated checks for a fixed rule set |
| Exception | A time-limited, approved deviation from a baseline with compensating controls |
| Landing zone | The governed multi-account foundation into which workloads are deployed |
14.2 Related templates
| Template | Use |
|---|---|
Cloud Security Reference Patterns Template (AWS SRA, MCSB, CCM v4.1) (security/cloud-security-reference-patterns) | Approved patterns this review checks against |
Cloud Landing Zone Design Template (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud) (architecture/landing-zone-design) | Guardrails, account structure and policy as code |
IAM Solution Design Template (NIST SP 800-63-4, SSO, PAM) (security/iam-solution-design) | Target identity model |
Secrets Management Standard (security/secrets-management-standard) | Static key and secret rules |
Vulnerability Management Policy (security/vulnerability-management-policy) | Remediation SLAs for vulnerabilities |
Security Logging Standard (security/security-logging-standard) | Required log sources and retention |
Kubernetes Cluster Design (ops/kubernetes-cluster-design) | Cluster baseline and endpoint exposure |
Zero Trust Architecture Plan Template (NIST SP 800-207, CISA ZTMM 2.0) (security/zero-trust-architecture) | Programme context for identity and network findings |
Security Architecture Document Template (NIST SP 800-160, STRIDE) (security/security-architecture) | System-level design for systems with recurring findings |
Penetration Test Report Template (PTES, OWASP WSTG) (security/pentest-report) | Exploitation testing, which this review does not perform |
14.3 References
- Cloud Security Alliance, Cloud Controls Matrix v4.1 and CAIQ v4.1, released 27 January 2026 (207 control specifications in 17 domains): https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/artifacts/cloud-controls-matrix-v4-1
- Cloud Security Alliance, CCM and AICM licensing FAQ (terms for internal use, customisation and redistribution): https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/artifacts/ccm-aicm-licensing-faq
- Center for Internet Security, CIS Benchmarks for cloud providers (obtain the current version from CIS): https://www.cisecurity.org/cis-benchmarks
- NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5, Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organizations, Release 5.2.0 (27 August 2025), for optional mapping of findings: https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/53/r5/upd1/final
- The cloud provider's published shared responsibility model and security recommendations for each estate in scope.
Standard and licence note
Structure aligned with the Cloud Security Alliance Cloud Controls Matrix v4.1 (January 2026). CCM domain names and identifiers are cited for mapping only; no control specification text, implementation guideline or auditing guideline is reproduced. The CCM is free for internal use under CSA terms, and customisation or commercial reuse of its content requires a licence from CSA; the free download may not be modified or redistributed (see the CSA CCM licensing FAQ), so use your own licensed copy for control-level work. CIS Benchmarks are named only; obtain and apply them under the CIS terms. NIST SP 800-53 is a work of the United States Government. Check the current official versions before relying on this review, as updates may have been published. Cloud Security Alliance, CCM, CIS and CIS Benchmarks, and the cloud provider names are trademarks of their owners; this template is not affiliated with or endorsed by them. Original text written for this collection. Template licence: MIT.
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