Data Contract Template (ODCS)

Producer-consumer data contract: owner, schema, quality rules, SLAs, access, breaking-change policy, YAML skeleton

AI 및 데이터표준Open Data Contract Standard (ODCS), Bitol projectdata contract업데이트됨 2026. 10. 20.

사용법: Use when a dataset or data product has consumers outside the producing team. Agree the schema meanings and service levels with the main consumers first. The main pitfall is unannounced breaking changes; follow the change policy and keep the YAML in sync.

미리보기

Data Contract: [Dataset or data product name] [version]

Agreement between the producer of a dataset and its consumers: who owns it, what the schema means, which quality rules and service levels it guarantees, who may access it, and how it may change. The concepts follow the Open Data Contract Standard (ODCS) maintained by the Bitol project, so the contract can also be kept as a machine-readable YAML file. Replace every [bracketed] value and every row marked Example.

Field	Value
Contract ID	[dc-orders-001]
Data product / dataset	[Name]
Contract version	[1.2.0]
Status	[Proposed / Active / Deprecated / Retired]
Domain	[Business domain, for example Sales]
Producer owner	[@producer-owner], [team]
Data steward	[@steward]
Physical location	[Platform, database, schema and table, or topic]
Effective from	YYYY-MM-DD
Last updated	YYYY-MM-DD

1. Fundamentals

1.1 Purpose

[Example: "One row per confirmed customer order, used for revenue reporting, demand forecasting and customer analytics."]

1.2 Usage and limitations

Item	Description
Intended uses	Example: Daily revenue reporting; forecasting models; cohort analysis
Not suitable for	Example: Real-time fraud decisions (data is up to 1 hour old); financial statutory reporting (use the ledger)
Known limitations	Example: Orders before 2022-01-01 lack `channel`; marketplace orders arrive up to 24 hours late

2. Schema

Table: [sales.orders]. Grain: one row per order.

Column	Logical type	Physical type	Required	Key	Classification	Description	Example
`order_id`	string	`VARCHAR(20)`	Yes	Primary, unique	Internal	Order identifier from the order service	`ORD-2026-0048213`
`customer_id`	string	`VARCHAR(20)`	Yes	Foreign key to `customers`	Personal (pseudonymous)	Customer identifier	`CUS-778120`
`order_ts`	timestamp	`TIMESTAMP_TZ`	Yes		Internal	Time the order was confirmed, UTC	`2026-10-14T09:12:44Z`
`channel`	string	`VARCHAR(10)`	No		Internal	One of `web`, `app`, `store`, `marketplace`; null before 2022	`app`
`net_amount`	decimal	`NUMBER(12,2)`	Yes		Confidential	Order value after discounts, before tax and shipping, in `currency`	`84.50`
`currency`	string	`CHAR(3)`	Yes		Internal	ISO 4217 code	`EUR`
`status`	string	`VARCHAR(12)`	Yes		Internal	One of `confirmed`, `shipped`, `delivered`, `cancelled`, `returned`	`shipped`
[column]	[type]	[physical type]	[Yes / No]	[Key]	[Class]	[Description]	[Example]

3. Data quality rules

ID	Dimension	Rule	Threshold	Check	On failure
DQ-01	Uniqueness	`order_id` is unique	100%	Test in pipeline, every load	Block publish; page producer
DQ-02	Completeness	`customer_id` not null	100%	Every load	Block publish
DQ-03	Validity	`currency` in the allowed ISO 4217 list	100%	Every load	Quarantine rows; alert
DQ-04	Accuracy	Daily sum of `net_amount` matches the order service within tolerance	Difference at most 0.1%	Daily reconciliation job	Alert producer; mark day as provisional
DQ-05	Volume	Daily row count within expected range	50% to 200% of 28-day median	Every load	Alert; consumers notified
[DQ-nn]	[Dimension]	[Rule]	[Threshold]	[Check]	[Action]

4. Service levels

Property	Commitment	Measured as	Period
Freshness (latency)	Example: Data no older than 60 minutes	Now minus max `order_ts` loaded	Checked every 15 min
Availability	Example: 99.5% of hours queryable	Successful synthetic query per hour	Monthly
Late data	Example: Marketplace orders complete within 24 hours	Reconciliation	Daily
Retention	Example: 7 years	Partition lifecycle policy	Continuous
Support response	Example: Incident acknowledged within 1 business hour	Ticket timestamps	Monthly
[Property]	[Commitment]	[Measure]	[Period]

5. Access and security

Item	Rule
Access request	Example: Through [access portal], approved by the data steward
Roles	Example: `orders_reader` for all columns except `net_amount`; `orders_finance` for all columns
Personal data handling	Example: `customer_id` is pseudonymous; joining to identity tables requires a privacy-approved purpose
Masking	Example: `net_amount` masked for non-finance roles
Legal basis and purposes	[Reference to records of processing]
Audit	Example: Query logs retained 1 year

6. Consumers

Consumer	Team	Use	Columns used	Contact	Criticality
Example: Revenue dashboard	Finance analytics	Daily revenue	All	[@name]	High
Example: Demand forecast model	Data science	Training features	`order_ts`, `channel`, `net_amount`	[@name]	High
[Consumer]	[Team]	[Use]	[Columns]	[@name]	[H / M / L]

7. Change management and breaking-change policy

Versions follow semantic versioning:

Major (breaking): removing or renaming a column, changing a type or meaning, changing the grain, tightening a nullable column to drop rows, lowering a service level.
Minor (compatible): adding a nullable column, adding an allowed value with notice, improving a service level.
Patch: description fixes, documentation only.

Rule	Policy
Notice for breaking change	Example: 30 days to all registered consumers
Parallel run	Example: Old and new versions published side by side for at least 30 days
Approval	Example: Producer owner and data steward; consumers with High criticality must acknowledge
Emergency change	Example: Allowed for security or legal reasons; consumers notified within 1 hour

8. Support

Channel	Use	Hours
[Team chat channel]	Questions	Business hours
[Issue tracker or queue]	Data issues and change requests	Business hours
[On-call rota]	Incidents breaching section 4	24 x 7 for High criticality consumers

9. Change log

Version	Date	Author	Change	Type
1.0.0	YYYY-MM-DD	[@name]	Example: First active contract	n/a
1.1.0	YYYY-MM-DD	[@name]	Example: Added nullable `channel` column	Minor
1.2.0	YYYY-MM-DD	[@name]	Example: Freshness improved from 3 hours to 60 minutes	Minor
[x.y.z]	YYYY-MM-DD	[@name]	[Change]	[Major / Minor / Patch]

10. Machine-readable contract (YAML skeleton)

The skeleton below mirrors sections 1 to 8 in a YAML layout inspired by the Open Data Contract Standard. Validate the real file against the ODCS version you adopt.

apiVersion: v3.0.0          # ODCS version adopted
kind: DataContract
id: dc-orders-001
name: orders
version: 1.2.0
status: active
domain: sales
description:
  purpose: One row per confirmed customer order for reporting and forecasting.
  limitations: Marketplace orders may arrive up to 24 hours late.
schema:
  - name: orders
    physicalName: sales.orders
    properties:
      - name: order_id
        logicalType: string
        physicalType: VARCHAR(20)
        required: true
        primaryKey: true
        unique: true
      - name: net_amount
        logicalType: number
        physicalType: NUMBER(12,2)
        required: true
        classification: confidential
    quality:
      - rule: rowCount
        description: Daily volume within 50% to 200% of the 28-day median
slaProperties:
  - property: latency
    value: 60
    unit: minutes
  - property: availability
    value: 99.5
    unit: percent
team:
  - username: producer-owner
    role: owner
support:
  - channel: "#orders-data"
    tool: chat

Standard and licence note

Concepts aligned with the Open Data Contract Standard (ODCS) published by the Bitol project (bitol-io/open-data-contract-standard, a Linux Foundation AI and Data project). Only concept and field names are used; this template is original text written for this collection and copies no text from the specification. Template licence: MIT.