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Network Security Standard Template (ISO/IEC 27001 A.8.20 to A.8.23)

Network zones and flow matrix, firewall rule lifecycle, remote access, wireless, DNS and web filtering, network service agreements, monitoring, evidence

ISMS 및 ISO/IEC 27001전체ISO/IEC 27001:2022 A.8.20 to A.8.23 (cited only); ISO/IEC 27002:2022; ISO/IEC 27033-1:2015networksecuritystandard

사용법: Use it when A.8.20 to A.8.23 are applicable and you need one standard for zones, rules, remote access and web filtering. Fill the zone model and inter-zone flow matrix first. The main pitfall is a generic statement that auditors cannot test against real rules and contracts.

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Network Security Standard: [Organization name]

Organization-wide standard for protecting networks and the information that crosses them: network zones and segmentation, rule management for firewalls and cloud security groups, remote and administrative access, wireless, DNS and web filtering, agreements for network services, and network monitoring. It supports ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024 Annex A controls A.8.20 (network security), A.8.21 (security of network services), A.8.22 (network segregation) and A.8.23 (web filtering, new in 2022), with implementation guidance from ISO/IEC 27002:2022 and the network security series ISO/IEC 27033. Replace every [bracketed] value and every row marked Example.

Document control

FieldValue
Document IDDOC-ISMS-063
Version[1.0]
Status[Draft / In review / Approved]
Owner[@network-owner] ([Head of Infrastructure or Network Engineering lead])
Approvers / reviewers[CISO or ISMS manager], [Head of IT Operations], [OT engineering lead, if OT is in scope]
Last updatedYYYY-MM-DD
Classification[Internal] (the zone diagram and address plan annex: [Confidential])
Standard and editionISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024, Annex A A.8.20 to A.8.23; ISO/IEC 27002:2022
Next scheduled reviewYYYY-MM-DD (at least annually and after any major network change)
Scope[Offices, data centres, colocation, cloud tenancies, OT networks, remote access services]
Zone model version[ZM-1.0, approved YYYY-MM-DD]
Parent policyInformation security policy (DOC-ISMS-001)
Related documentsAccess control policy (DOC-ISMS-041), Secure configuration baseline (DOC-ISMS-060), Security monitoring procedure (DOC-ISMS-064), Supplier security agreement (DOC-ISMS-068)

Approvals

RoleNameSignature or recordDate
Owner, network[Name][Reference]YYYY-MM-DD
CISO or ISMS manager[Name][Reference]YYYY-MM-DD
Head of IT Operations[Name][Reference]YYYY-MM-DD

Revision history

VersionDateAuthorChange summary
0.1YYYY-MM-DD[@author]First draft from the zone workshop
1.0YYYY-MM-DD[@author]Approved; web filtering (A.8.23) and network services agreements added

Contents

1. Purpose and scope

This standard sets the minimum requirements for designing, operating and monitoring the networks that carry [Organization name] information. Its aims are to:

  • keep untrusted traffic out of trusted zones and limit how far an attacker can move after an initial compromise;
  • make every permitted flow deliberate, owned, justified and reviewed;
  • protect the confidentiality and integrity of information in transit and the availability of network services that the business depends on;
  • reduce exposure to malicious and unwanted web content;
  • give the security monitoring function the network telemetry it needs.

The standard applies to every network inside the ISMS scope (DOC-ISMS-002): office local area networks, wireless networks, data centre and colocation networks, public cloud virtual networks and their security groups, software-defined WAN links, remote access services, and operational technology (OT) networks where present. It applies to employees, contractors and suppliers who design, change or operate those networks.

Out of scope: networks of customers and suppliers that [Organization name] does not control, except where a contract gives it responsibilities (section 10), and home networks of remote workers, which are covered by the remote working policy (DOC-ISMS-054) through device-level controls.

2. Control mapping

Annex A controlShort label used hereWhere this standard implements it
A.8.20Network securitySections 4, 6, 7, 8 and 11
A.8.21Security of network servicesSection 10
A.8.22Network segregationSection 5
A.8.23Web filtering (new in 2022)Section 9

Related controls that this standard relies on but does not own: A.5.14 information transfer (DOC-ISMS-043), A.8.2 privileged access rights (security/privileged-access-standard), A.8.9 configuration management (DOC-ISMS-060), A.8.15 logging and A.8.16 monitoring (DOC-ISMS-064), A.8.24 use of cryptography (security/cryptography-standard) and A.8.32 change management (ops/change-enablement-policy).

3. Roles and responsibilities

RoleResponsibilities
Network owner ([Head of Infrastructure])Owns this standard and the zone model, approves zone changes, accepts network risks as risk owner within the DOC-ISMS-010 limits (Low alone, Medium with the department head)
Network engineersDesign and implement changes, keep diagrams and configuration backups current, run the rule review
Rule owners (service or application owners)Request rules, justify them, confirm them at each review, request removal when a service retires
Security team or ISMS managerReviews high-risk rule requests, sets web filtering categories, receives network alerts, audits compliance
Change advisory or change approverApproves normal changes under the change enablement process
Supplier managerHolds network service agreements and the supplier register entry (DOC-ISMS-066)
OT engineering leadApproves any change touching OT zones together with the network owner

4. Standard statements

IDStatement
NET-001Every network in scope MUST belong to exactly one zone defined in section 5.
NET-002Traffic between zones MUST be denied by default and allowed only by a rule listed in the inter-zone flow matrix or the rule base.
NET-003Every rule MUST have an owner, a business justification, a change reference and, when temporary, an expiry date.
NET-004Rules that allow "any" source, destination or service MUST NOT be used between zones, except the documented internet egress rules in section 9.
NET-005Administrative interfaces of network devices and cloud network services MUST be reachable only from the management zone or through the privileged access path.
NET-006Remote access to internal services MUST use multi-factor authentication and a managed, compliant device.
NET-007Wireless networks MUST use current enterprise-grade authentication; guest wireless MUST be separated from corporate zones.
NET-008DNS resolution for corporate devices MUST use the approved protective resolver; web access MUST pass the web filtering service.
NET-009Network services from suppliers MUST be covered by an agreement that states security features, service levels and management rights.
NET-010Network devices MUST follow the secure configuration baseline (DOC-ISMS-060), with configuration backups and firmware within vendor support.
NET-011Boundary devices, VPN gateways, DNS resolvers and web gateways MUST send logs to the central log platform defined in DOC-ISMS-064.
NET-012Rule bases MUST be reviewed at the cadence in section 6.3 and the review recorded.
NET-013Information in transit across untrusted networks MUST be encrypted as set by the cryptography standard.
NET-014Network diagrams and the address plan MUST be kept current, version controlled and classified as Confidential.

5. Network zones and segregation

5.1 Zone model

Zone IDZoneHoldsTrust levelTypical implementation
Z0InternetUntrusted external networksUntrustedn/a
Z1Edge and DMZPublic load balancers, reverse proxies, web application firewall, mail relaysLowDedicated subnet or cloud public subnet with WAF
Z2Production applicationApplication servers, containers, internal APIsMediumPrivate subnets, security groups per service
Z3Production dataDatabases, object storage with customer data, key managementHighPrivate subnets, private endpoints, no route to Z0
Z4ManagementBastion hosts, privileged access workstations, network device management, backup controlHighSeparate subnet or virtual network, reachable only through the privileged access path
Z5Corporate userStaff laptops and desktops, printers on a separate segmentMediumOffice LAN and VLANs, ZTNA for remote users
Z6Guest and untrusted devicesVisitor Wi-Fi, IoT and building systemsUntrustedSeparate SSID or VLAN with internet-only access
Z7Non-productionDevelopment, test and staging without real customer dataLowSeparate cloud account or subscription
Z8OT (where present)Controllers, HMIs, historians, engineering workstationsHigh (safety)Layered OT zones with an industrial DMZ between IT and OT

Rules for the zone model:

  1. Separate production from non-production at the account or subscription level where the platform allows it, not only by subnet.
  2. Place systems that store or process information classified Confidential or above in Z3 or behind Z3 controls.
  3. Treat OT as its own family of zones. Traffic between IT and OT passes through an industrial DMZ; no direct route from Z5 to Z8 is allowed.
  4. Use micro-segmentation (security groups per service, Kubernetes network policies) inside Z2 and Z3 where the platform supports it.
  5. Payment card environments, if any, follow the scoping and segmentation method in compliance/pci-dss-scoping-segmentation in addition to this standard.

The diagram shows every permitted flow in the matrix in 5.2, in the direction in which connections are initiated. Return traffic of an allowed session is permitted by stateful inspection; no other flow exists unless listed in 5.2.

5.2 Inter-zone flow matrix

Read the matrix as "source row may initiate to destination column". "Rule" means allowed only by a specific owned rule; "No" means denied.

Source / destinationZ0Z1Z2Z3Z4Z5Z6Z7Z8
Z0 Internetn/aRule (published services)NoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Z1 EdgeRule (updates)n/aRuleNoNoNoNoNoNo
Z2 Production applicationRule (via egress proxy)Non/aRuleNoNoNoNoNo
Z3 Production dataNoNoNon/aNoNoNoNoNo
Z4 ManagementRule (vendor updates)RuleRuleRulen/aNoNoRuleRule (via industrial DMZ)
Z5 Corporate userRule (web filtering)NoNoNoRule (privileged access path)n/aNoRuleNo
Z6 GuestRule (internet only)NoNoNoNoNon/aNoNo
Z7 Non-productionRule (via egress proxy)NoNoNoNoNoNon/aNo
Z8 OTNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNon/a

Z3 initiates nothing to other zones: backups are pulled by the backup service from Z4. Database replication between the primary and DR regions stays inside Z3, runs over provider private links and is recorded as intra-zone rules owned by the database team.

6. Rule management for network security controls

6.1 Rule requirements

Every rule records: rule ID, source, destination, service and port, action, owner, business justification, data classification of the flow, change reference, date created, expiry date (if temporary) and date last reviewed. Rules are written as narrowly as the service allows: named hosts or groups, named ports, and logging enabled on deny rules and on allow rules between zones.

Rule IDSourceDestinationServiceOwnerJustificationExpiry
FW-RULE-001 (Example)Z1 load balancer groupZ2 web service groupTCP 443Product platform leadPublish customer web applicationNone (permanent, reviewed)
FW-RULE-002 (Example)Z2 reporting serviceZ3 analytics databaseTCP 5432Data engineering leadRead replica queries for reportsNone (permanent, reviewed)
FW-RULE-003 (Example)Z4 bastion groupSupplier support IP rangeTCP 443IT operations leadVendor remote support session for storage upgrade2027-03-31

6.2 Rule lifecycle

  1. The rule owner raises a change request (ops/change-request) with the fields in 6.1.
  2. A network engineer checks the request against the flow matrix. Flows that the matrix marks "No" are rejected or go to the exception process (section 12).
  3. The security team reviews requests that open inbound access from Z0, reach Z3, Z4 or Z8, or use broad ranges.
  4. The change approver approves; the engineer implements, preferably as code through a reviewed pull request.
  5. The engineer tests the rule and records the change reference on it.
  6. Temporary rules are removed automatically or by ticket on expiry.
  7. Rules are confirmed or removed at each periodic review.

6.3 Review cadence

Rule baseReview frequency (Example)Record
Internet edge firewalls and WAF policiesEvery 6 monthssecurity/firewall-rule-review
Cloud security groups for Z1 to Z4Every 6 months, plus automated daily drift detectionsecurity/firewall-rule-review and posture tool report
Internal segmentation and Kubernetes network policiesAnnuallysecurity/firewall-rule-review
OT boundary and industrial DMZEvery 6 months, jointly with OT engineeringsecurity/firewall-rule-review

Set the frequency from risk and from any contract or regulation that demands a shorter interval (for example PCI DSS for card environments). Rules with no hits in the review period are flagged for removal unless the owner documents a reason, such as a disaster recovery path.

7. Remote and administrative access

User remote access. Staff reach internal applications through [zero trust network access (ZTNA) / an identity-aware proxy / a VPN gateway] that enforces single sign-on with multi-factor authentication and checks device compliance (managed, encrypted, EDR running, operating system supported) before each session. Access is per application, not to whole subnets, where the service supports it. The design principles follow security/zero-trust-architecture.

Administrative access. Administrators reach Z2, Z3, Z4 and network device management only through the privileged access path: a privileged access workstation or bastion in Z4, with phishing-resistant MFA, just in time elevation and session recording as set in security/privileged-access-standard. Cloud console and API access to network resources uses the same identity controls.

Supplier remote access. Suppliers connect only through a brokered, logged session to named systems, approved per session or for a fixed period, with the account disabled between sessions. The supplier's access is recorded in the supplier register (DOC-ISMS-066).

Session controls. Idle remote sessions time out after [15 minutes] (Example). Split tunnelling is [allowed for named SaaS traffic only / not allowed]; web traffic of remote devices still passes the web filtering service (section 9) through the endpoint agent.

8. Wireless networks

SSIDUsersAuthenticationZoneNotes
[CORP] (Example)Staff on managed devicesWPA3-Enterprise (802.1X with certificates)Z5Certificates issued by device management
[GUEST] (Example)VisitorsCaptive portal with daily rotating code, WPA3-Personal or OWEZ6Internet only, client isolation, bandwidth limited
[IOT] (Example)Building systems, meeting room devicesWPA2/WPA3 with per-device keys where supportedZ6No route to corporate zones

Requirements:

  • Change any pre-shared key when a person who knew it leaves or at least every [12 months] (Example).
  • Run a rogue access point scan [quarterly] (Example) at each office and record the result.
  • Manage access points centrally; disable local administrative interfaces and keep firmware within vendor support.
  • Do not extend corporate wireless to production or OT zones.

9. DNS, web filtering and egress control

Protective DNS. Corporate devices and servers resolve names through the approved resolver, which blocks known malicious and newly registered domains and logs queries. Direct outbound DNS (port 53 and DNS over HTTPS to unapproved resolvers) from Z2, Z3, Z5 and Z7 is blocked at the boundary or by the endpoint agent.

Web filtering. Web traffic from Z5, and from remote corporate devices through the endpoint agent, passes a secure web gateway or filtering service with the category policy below. Filtering is applied to protect users and systems from malicious content, not to monitor individuals; the acceptable use policy (DOC-ISMS-040) tells staff that filtering and logging exist.

CategoryAction (Example)Reason
Malware, phishing, command and control, cryptominingBlockDirect threat
Newly registered and uncategorized domainsWarn or blockFrequent phishing infrastructure
Anonymizers and unapproved proxiesBlockBypass of controls
Unapproved file sharing and personal webmailWarn; block upload of filesData leakage (coordinated with DOC-ISMS-062)
Illegal content and content barred by policyBlockLegal and conduct
Generative AI services not approvedWarn, with link to the approved listSee ai-data/ai-usage-policy
Business categoriesAllowNormal work

Users request access to a wrongly blocked site through the service desk. The security team decides within [2 business days] (Example) and records the decision. TLS inspection, if used, excludes categories such as health and banking, and its use is assessed for privacy and labour law in each country of operation.

Server egress. Z2 and Z7 reach the internet only through an egress proxy or NAT with an allow list of destinations (package repositories, supplier APIs). Z3 has no internet egress.

10. Network services and suppliers

For each network service, the supplier manager records the service in the supplier register (DOC-ISMS-066) and makes sure the agreement or service description (DOC-ISMS-068) covers:

  • security features provided (encryption, DDoS protection, filtering, redundancy) and which are switched on;
  • service levels for availability and incident response, with credits;
  • notification of security incidents and planned changes, with time limits;
  • management access: who may change the configuration, how changes are approved and logged, and whether [Organization name] can see logs;
  • right to audit or to receive independent assurance reports;
  • data location for any logs or traffic data the supplier keeps;
  • exit support, including handover of configurations.
Service IDServiceSupplier typeSecurity features in useReview
NSV-001 (Example)Primary internet link, officeTelecom carrierDDoS scrubbing, 99.9% availability targetAnnual
NSV-002 (Example)Cloud virtual networking and load balancingPublic cloud providerSecurity groups, flow logs, managed WAFAnnual, using the provider assurance report
NSV-003 (Example)Protective DNS and web filteringSecurity service providerCategory filtering, DNS logging, endpoint agentAnnual

11. Device hardening and network monitoring

Hardening. Network devices and cloud network services follow the secure configuration baseline (DOC-ISMS-060): default credentials changed, unused services disabled, management on dedicated interfaces in Z4, SNMPv3 or equivalent, time synchronized to approved sources, and configuration backed up after every change and at least [weekly] (Example). Edge devices are patched under the vulnerability management policy (security/vulnerability-management-policy); a vulnerability in a boundary device that is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog is treated with the highest priority.

Monitoring. The following network sources feed the central log platform defined in DOC-ISMS-064 and the security logging standard (security/security-logging-standard):

SourceEventsUse
Boundary firewalls and security groupsAllowed and denied flows between zones, admin logons, configuration changesDetect scanning, lateral movement, unauthorized changes
VPN, ZTNA and bastionSession start and end, device posture result, failed MFADetect account compromise and unusual locations
Protective DNSQueries, blocked lookupsDetect malware beaconing and phishing clicks
Web gatewayBlocked and warned requests, uploadsDetect phishing and data leakage
Cloud flow logsAccepted and rejected flows for Z1 to Z4Investigation and baselining
Wireless controllersRogue access point alerts, authentication failuresDetect unauthorized devices
OT sensors (where present)Connections across the industrial DMZDetect IT to OT movement

Alert use cases for these sources, triage and escalation are defined in the security monitoring procedure (DOC-ISMS-064).

12. Exceptions

A deviation from a MUST statement requires a security exception request (security/security-exception-request, DOC-ISMS-122) that records the statement affected, the business reason, compensating controls, the risk score on the 5 x 5 scale of the risk methodology (DOC-ISMS-010), the risk owner and an expiry date. Each exception is approved at the authority the risk methodology (DOC-ISMS-010 section 2.4) sets for the residual risk: the risk owner for Low; the risk owner and department head for Medium (top management if the risk category is Averse, DOC-ISMS-015 section 9 rule 1); top management with a treatment decision for High, recorded in the risk acceptance record (DOC-ISMS-019). Critical residual risk is not approvable as an exception: treat it or stop the activity. Maximum duration is 12 months for Low or Medium and 6 months for High; at expiry the exception is reassessed, and a renewal is a new decision (DOC-ISMS-122 section 7).

Exception IDStatementReasonCompensating controlScoreExpiry
EXC-NET-001 (Example)NET-004Legacy file transfer appliance needs a broad source range from a partnerPartner range limited at the ISP edge, IPS signature set, monitoring use case MON-UC-0073 x 3 = 9 (Medium)2027-06-30

13. Size tiers

TopicSmall: Quillmere Analytics Ltd (46 staff, one office plus remote, one cloud provider in two regions)Medium: Quillmere Health Systems (320 staff, two offices, one colocation suite)Large: Quillmere Group (2,400 staff, 6 sites in 4 countries, IT and OT)
Zones in useZ1 to Z4 and Z7 in the cloud tenancy; Z5 and Z6 at the office and for remote devices; no Z8Z0 to Z7 across offices, colocation and cloudAll zones including Z8 and an industrial DMZ per plant
SegmentationSeparate cloud accounts for production and non-production, security groups per serviceVLANs and next-generation firewalls in offices and colocation, security groups in cloudSite firewalls, SD-WAN with central policy, layered OT zones
Rule managementSecurity groups as code, peer-reviewed pull requests, review every 6 months by the part-time ISMS manager and one engineerChange advisory approval, rule review by network team with the 3-person security teamCentral network operations, tooling for rule analysis, reviews per site and per OT boundary
Remote accessZTNA or identity-aware proxy from the identity provider, no VPNZTNA for staff, brokered access for hospital support suppliersZTNA for IT, brokered and recorded vendor access for OT, regional gateways
Web filteringProtective DNS and endpoint agent on all laptopsSecure web gateway for offices and endpoint agent for remote staffSecure web gateway per region with TLS inspection where lawful
Network servicesCloud provider and one internet link, provider assurance reportsTwo carriers, colocation provider, DDoS protectionMultiple carriers per country, managed SD-WAN, colocation and own data centre
MonitoringLogs to a managed SIEM through an MDR providerSIEM run by the security team with MDR out of hoursSIEM and SOC in the 14-person security office, OT sensors at plants

14. Records and evidence

RecordProvesOwnerLocationRetention (Example)
Approved zone model and network diagramsNET-001, NET-014, A.8.22Network owner[Document repository]Current plus 3 previous versions
Rule base export with owners and justificationsNET-002 to NET-004Network engineers[Configuration repository]3 years
Change records for network rulesNET-003, A.8.32 linkChange approver[Service management tool]3 years
Firewall rule review records (security/firewall-rule-review)NET-012Network owner[Document repository]3 years
Remote access configuration and MFA enforcement reportNET-006IT operations[Identity provider reports]1 year of monthly exports
Rogue access point scan resultsNET-007Network engineers[Ticketing tool]2 years
Web filtering category policy and unblock decisionsNET-008, A.8.23Security team[Filtering console export]2 years
Network service agreements and assurance reportsNET-009, A.8.21Supplier manager[Contract repository]Contract term plus 6 years
Device configuration backups and firmware inventoryNET-010Network engineers[Backup store]1 year
Log source coverage report for network sourcesNET-011Security team[SIEM]1 year
Exception recordsSection 12ISMS managerRisk acceptance record (DOC-ISMS-019)Life of exception plus 3 years

Set retention from the legal register (DOC-ISMS-014) and the retention standard (data/data-retention-deletion-standard). Report compliance metrics, such as the share of rules with an owner and the number of expired temporary rules found, through the measurement programme (isms/isms-measurement-programme).

15. References

ReferenceEditionUse
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:20242022, Amd 1 published 2024-02-23Annex A A.8.20 to A.8.23 (cited by number)
ISO/IEC 27002:20222022Control guidance and attributes
ISO/IEC 27033-1:20152015Network security concepts and overview
NIST SP 800-41 Rev. 1, Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall PolicySeptember 2009Firewall policy and rule management practice
NIST SP 800-207, Zero Trust ArchitectureAugust 2020Remote access and per-application access design
CIS Controls v8.1Current version as published by CIS; check the current releaseControl 12 (network infrastructure management) and 13 (network monitoring and defense), cited by number
CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogContinuously updated, cisa.govPriority for boundary device vulnerabilities

Related templates: security/firewall-rule-review, security/zero-trust-architecture, security/privileged-access-standard, security/security-logging-standard, security/cryptography-standard, isms/secure-configuration-baseline, isms/security-monitoring-procedure, isms/remote-working-policy, isms/supplier-register, isms/supplier-security-agreement-27036, isms/control-evidence-matrix, compliance/statement-of-applicability, compliance/pci-dss-scoping-segmentation.

Standard and licence note

Structure aligned with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 (including Amd 1:2024) Annex A controls A.8.20 to A.8.23 and the guidance in ISO/IEC 27002:2022. Only control numbers are used, with short labels in the style of the Statement of Applicability; the requirements, zone model, examples and guidance are original wording, and no ISO/IEC text is reproduced. ISO and IEC standards are copyrighted: obtain the official standards from ISO, IEC or your national standards body to implement and audit them (https://www.iso.org/standard/82875.html). Check the current edition and amendments before use. Certification decisions belong to the accredited certification body. Template licence: MIT.

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