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SAP S/4HANA Solution Design Template (SAP Activate, Clean Core)

Edition and transition path, enterprise structure, processes, fit-to-standard results, clean core levels A-D, integration, migration, roles, landscape

架构完整SAP Activate (Explore deliverables); SAP clean core levels A to D (2025)saps4hanasolutiondesign

使用方法: Use it at the end of SAP Activate Explore to baseline the design of an S/4HANA system before Realize. Fill the deployment option, transition path and enterprise structure first, then the clean core policy and extension register. The main pitfall is choosing the edition before checking which required extensions it allows, then discovering level C or D work late.

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SAP S/4HANA Solution Design: [Programme or company name]

Solution design for an SAP S/4HANA implementation or transition, written at the end of the Explore phase of SAP Activate and kept current through Realize and Deploy. It records the deployment option and transition path, the enterprise structure, the end-to-end process design, the results of fit-to-standard, delta requirements and the backlog, master data and finance design, the clean core and extensibility approach (clean core levels A to D), integration through SAP Integration Suite, data migration with the SAP S/4HANA Migration Cockpit, analytics, output and forms, roles and authorisations, SAP Fiori user experience, system landscape and transport management, non-functional design, cutover and run. Phase names follow SAP Activate (Discover, Prepare, Explore, Realize, Deploy, Run). Replace every [bracketed] value and every row marked Example.

Document control

FieldValue
Document ID[SAPSD-001]
Programme[Programme name]
Product and edition[SAP Cloud ERP (SAP S/4HANA Cloud Public Edition) / SAP Cloud ERP Private (SAP S/4HANA Cloud Private Edition) / SAP S/4HANA on-premise]
Commercial offer[RISE with SAP / GROW with SAP / Licence and own operation]
Release[For example 2602 (Public Edition) or 2025 FPS01 (Private Edition, on-premise)]
Transition path[New implementation / System conversion / Selective data transition]
SAP Activate phase[Explore / Realize / Deploy]
Version[0.1]
Status[Draft / In review / Approved / Superseded]
Owner[@sap-solution-architect]
Approvers/reviewers[@business-process-owners], [@enterprise-architect], [@security-architect], [@sap-basis-lead], [@design-authority-chair]
Last updatedYYYY-MM-DD
Classification[Internal / Confidential]
Related documents[Fit-gap analysis], [Integration design], [Data migration strategy], [Cutover plan]

Approvals

RoleNameDecisionDate
Business sponsor[@name][Approve / Approve with conditions / Reject]YYYY-MM-DD
Design authority[@name][Decision]YYYY-MM-DD
Finance process owner[@name][Decision]YYYY-MM-DD
Security and compliance[@name][Decision]YYYY-MM-DD
SAP technical lead[@name][Decision]YYYY-MM-DD

Revision history

VersionDateAuthorChange summary
0.1YYYY-MM-DD[@name]First draft at start of Explore
0.9YYYY-MM-DD[@name]Example: Explore quality gate version: fit-to-standard complete, backlog baselined
1.0YYYY-MM-DD[@name]Example: Approved by design authority for Realize

Contents

1. Introduction and scope

1.1 Purpose and outcomes

This document defines how SAP S/4HANA will support [Organisation]'s in-scope processes. It is the design baseline that the build team, testers, data migration team and support organisation work from.

Outcome IDBusiness outcomeMeasureTarget
OUT-01 (Example)Faster month-end closeWorking days to closeFrom 8 to 4
OUT-02 (Example)Standard processes across all companiesShare of processes run on one global template90%
OUT-03 (Example)Upgradable coreExtensions at clean core level C or D0 at go-live
[OUT-NN][Outcome][Measure][Target]

1.2 Scope

DimensionIn scopeOut of scope
Companies and countriesExample: 6 company codes in 4 countriesJoint ventures
End-to-end processesExample: Source to pay, order to cash, plan to produce, record to reportRecruit to retire (stays on current HCM)
UsersExample: 1,200 named users, 150 in warehousesExternal partners
Legacy systems replacedExample: SAP ECC 6.0 EHP8, two local accounting packagesPlant maintenance tool (phase 2)
[Dimension][Value][Value]

2. Deployment option and transition path

2.1 Deployment options

CriterionSAP Cloud ERP (Public Edition)SAP Cloud ERP Private (Private Edition)SAP S/4HANA on-premise
OperationSAP-operated, multi-tenant SaaSSAP-operated, single-tenant, usually contracted through RISE with SAPCustomer or partner operated
Release cadenceTwo releases per year (YYMM names, for example 2602)Base release with feature package stacks; customer schedules upgradesSame releases as Private Edition
ExtensibilityKey user, ABAP Cloud developer extensibility, side by side on SAP BTPSame plus classic ABAP, governed by clean core levelsFull technical freedom, governed by own policy
ConfigurationGuided configuration and scope itemsFull configuration (customising)Full configuration
Typical fitNew implementations that adopt standard processes; GROW with SAPConversions and complex enterprises; RISE with SAPCustomers with operating constraints that rule out SAP-operated cloud

Since 2025 SAP markets the cloud editions as SAP Cloud ERP and SAP Cloud ERP Private within SAP Business Suite, while technical and implementation documentation still uses the S/4HANA Cloud edition names. Check the current names at sap.com and learning.sap.com.

2.2 Transition path

PathWhat it meansChoose whenMain risks
New implementationFresh system, standard processes, selected data migratedLegacy design is not worth keeping; high appetite for standardisationChange management; data migration volume
System conversionExisting SAP ERP system converted technically to S/4HANAProcesses and custom code are mostly worth keepingCarries technical debt forward; simplification items
Selective data transitionNew target shell with selected configuration, code and data movedMixed needs, company carve-outs, merging systemsNeeds specialist tools and partners

2.3 Decision

ItemValue
Selected editionExample: SAP Cloud ERP Private under RISE with SAP
Selected pathExample: New implementation with selective history load
Main reasonsExample: 60% of ECC custom code unused; finance wants a new chart of accounts; 3 industry extensions not possible in Public Edition
Rejected optionsExample: Public Edition (industry gaps FG-021, FG-034); system conversion (keeps unused code)
Decision record[ADR-NNN] in the Architecture Decision Log (architecture/architecture-decision-log)

2.4 Time constraints

SAP announced in February 2020 that mainstream maintenance for SAP Business Suite 7 core applications, including SAP ERP 6.0 with enhancement package 6 or higher, runs to the end of 2027 (lower enhancement packages ended at the end of 2025), with optional extended maintenance to the end of 2030 at a premium, and committed to S/4HANA maintenance until at least 2040. In 2025 SAP added the SAP ERP, private edition, transition option for large customers that cannot finish their move by 2030, with conditions (move to SAP ERP, private edition on SAP HANA before the end of 2030, minimum system size of 2 TB, the Max success plan, and mitigation for products outside the option as described in SAP Note 3591251); an update in October 2026 states that subscriptions may run to the end of 2035 with further prerequisites. Since S/4HANA 2023, base releases follow a two-year cycle with seven years of mainstream maintenance each. Check the current dates in the SAP Support Portal and SAP Note 3591251 before you plan.

ConstraintDatePlan impact
Example: ECC mainstream maintenance end (EHP 6 or higher)2027-12-31Go-live before this date, or budget extended maintenance; check the enhancement package level first
Example: Target go-liveYYYY-MM-DD[Impact]
[Constraint]YYYY-MM-DD[Impact]

3. Enterprise structure

UnitPurposeCountNaming ruleDesign notes
Company codeLegal entity with own financial statementsExample: 64 characters, country prefixOne per legal entity
Controlling areaManagement accounting scopeExample: 1GlobalAll company codes share one fiscal year variant and chart of accounts
PlantProduction or logistics siteExample: 9Country plus numberPlant equals physical site
Storage locationStock place within a plantExample: 24Plant plus numberWarehouse management only in 3 plants
Sales organisationSelling unit with legal responsibilityExample: 4One per selling companyDistribution channels: direct, distributor
Purchasing organisationNegotiating unitExample: 1 central plus 2 local[Rule]Central contracts, local call-offs
Profit centreInternal reportingExample: 30Business line plus regionMandatory for segment reporting
[Unit][Purpose][n][Rule][Notes]

4. End-to-end process design

4.1 Process catalogue

Process IDEnd-to-end processLevel 3 processSAP scope item or process variantCompaniesOwnerSystems involved
E2E-OTC-01 (Example)Order to cashSell from stock[Scope item ID]All[@sales-ops-lead]S/4HANA, CRM, tax engine
E2E-OTC-02 (Example)Order to cashService contract billing[Scope item ID] plus EXT-BIL-001DE01, FR01[@billing-lead]S/4HANA, metering platform
E2E-STP-01 (Example)Source to payProcurement of direct materials[Scope item ID]All[@procurement-lead]S/4HANA, supplier network
E2E-RTR-01 (Example)Record to reportPeriod-end closing[Scope item ID]All[@controller]S/4HANA, consolidation
[E2E-NNN][Process][Process][Scope item][Companies][@owner][Systems]

Link the reference model used in SAP Signavio Process Navigator rather than copying it.

4.2 Process flow for a critical process

Draw one sequence per process that crosses systems; Example below.

4.3 Local variants

Variant IDProcessCountry or companyReasonLegal reference
VAR-001 (Example)BillingFR01Electronic invoicing obligation[National law and date, check current status]
[VAR-NNN][Process][Scope][Reason][Reference]

5. Fit-to-standard results

Process areaWorkshops heldRequirementsFitFit with configurationProcess changeExtension or add-onRejected or deferred
Order to cash (Example)6845218563
Source to pay (Example)5614014331
Record to report (Example)4473012122
Total (Example)15192122449116
[Area][n][n][n][n][n][n][n]

Source: Fit-Gap Analysis [FGA-001]. Example fit rate including configuration: (122 + 44) / 192 = 86%.

6. Delta requirements and backlog

Backlog typeCountEstimated effort (person-days)Release 1Later releaseSpecification
Configuration itemsExample: 44120440Configuration workbook
Workflows (W)Example: 22020WRICEF specification
Reports (R)Example: 31821WRICEF specification
Interfaces (I)Example: 14210122WRICEF specification and Integration Design
Conversions (C)Example: 28 objects160280Data Migration Strategy
Enhancements (E)Example: 48531WRICEF specification
Forms (F)Example: 95490WRICEF specification
[Type][n][n][n][n][Spec]

Interface, conversion and form objects also arise from requirements classified as fits (a standard payment run still needs a bank interface), so the WRICEF counts here exceed the gap count in section 5. Backlog tool: [SAP Cloud ALM / Jira / Azure DevOps], project [key]. Each item carries the fit-gap ID, process ID and clean core level.

7. Master data and finance design

7.1 Master data objects

ObjectSystem of recordCreate and change processOwnerKey design decisions
Business partner (customer and supplier roles)Example: S/4HANACentral team with approval workflow[@mdm-lead]One business partner per legal entity; number ranges aligned with legacy numbers where possible
Product (material)Example: PLM for engineering data, S/4HANA for logistics viewsWorkflow from PLM release[@product-data-lead]Global product type list; units of measure standardised
General ledger accountExample: S/4HANAFinance controllership[@controller]One operational chart of accounts; country charts for statutory reporting
Cost centre and profit centreS/4HANAControlling team[@controller]Hierarchies aligned with management reporting
[Object][System][Process][@owner][Decisions]

S/4HANA requires the business partner as the leading object for customers and suppliers; in a system conversion, plan customer-vendor integration early. Master data governance beyond this system is designed in the Master Data Management Design (architecture/master-data-management-design).

7.2 Finance design decisions

DecisionChoiceReason
LedgersExample: Leading ledger IFRS, extension ledger for local GAAP in 2 countriesParallel accounting required
CurrenciesExample: Company code currency, group currency, hard currency for 1 countryGroup reporting and inflation reporting
Fiscal year variantExample: Calendar year, 12 periods plus 4 special periodsSame for all companies
Profitability analysisExample: Margin analysis on the universal journalReal-time margin by product and customer
Asset accountingExample: Depreciation areas for IFRS, local GAAP and taxStatutory requirement
[Decision][Choice][Reason]

8. Clean core and extensibility

SAP describes clean core as keeping the ERP close to standard, with extensions built only on stable, released interfaces, so that upgrades remain predictable. In 2025 SAP evolved its earlier three-tier extensibility model into a clean core level concept that rates each extension from A to D (SAP News, August 2025). The summary below is in our own words; check SAP's current guidance before you apply it.

LevelOur summaryPolicy in this programme
AUses only released, stable APIs and extension points (ABAP Cloud on stack, or side by side on SAP BTP)Default for all new development
BAlso uses documented classic APIs that SAP regards as upgrade-stableAllowed with architect approval and a note in the extension register
CAccesses SAP internal objects that may change between releasesException only; design authority approval and an upgrade test per release
DUses techniques SAP does not recommend, such as modifications, direct table writes or implicit enhancementsNot allowed; waiver from the steering committee only

8.1 Extension techniques

TechniqueWhere it runsUse forEdition
Key user extensibilityIn the ERP, through Fiori apps for custom fields, logic, business objects and CDS viewsExtra fields, simple validations, custom analytics viewsAll editions
Developer extensibility (ABAP Cloud)In the ERP, on the same stackLogic close to the data that needs released APIsAll editions
Side-by-side extensibilitySAP BTP (for example SAP Build, SAP Cloud Application Programming Model, ABAP environment)New apps, process automation, decoupled logicAll editions
Classic ABAP extensionsIn the ERPLegacy scenarios not yet covered by released APIsPrivate Edition and on-premise only, rated against levels B to D

8.2 Governance

  • Run the ABAP test cockpit with clean core checks on every transport; block level D findings automatically.
  • Record every extension in section 9 with its level before build.
  • Review level B and C extensions at every release upgrade and replace them when a released alternative appears.
  • For a system conversion, analyse custom code with SAP's custom code tools and retire unused objects first.

9. Extension register

Object IDWRICEF typeDescriptionFit-gap IDTechniqueClean core levelOwnerStatus
EXT-BIL-001 (Example)EUsage-based billing calculationFG-007Side by side on SAP BTP, billing APIA[@billing-lead]In build
INT-AP-003 (Example)IScanned invoices to draft supplier invoicesFG-005Integration Suite with released APIA[@ap-lead]In test
WFL-PUR-001 (Example)WContract release approval with budget availability pre-checkFG-024Flexible workflow with a released BAdI for the pre-checkA[@procurement-lead]Built
RPT-FIN-004 (Example)RIntercompany open items by partnerFG-031Custom CDS view via key user toolA[@controller]Built
FRM-SD-002 (Example)FCustomer invoice formFG-040Adobe form template with output managementA[@sales-ops-lead]Built
ENH-MM-007 (Example)EBatch determination exit for regulated productsFG-052Classic BAdIB[@quality-lead]Approved exception
[OBJ-ID][W/R/I/C/E/F][Description][FG-NNN][Technique][A-D][@owner][Status]

10. Integration architecture

Interface IDSourceTargetPatternTechnologyFrequency and volumeOwner
INT-OTC-001 (Example)CRMS/4HANASynchronous requestOData API through Integration Suite2,000 orders per day[@integration-lead]
INT-OTC-004 (Example)S/4HANAWarehouseEventBusiness event to event broker3,500 deliveries per day[@integration-lead]
INT-FIN-002 (Example)S/4HANABanksFilePayment format through Integration SuiteDaily batches[@treasury-lead]
[INT-NNN][Source][Target][Pattern][Technology][Volume][@owner]

Rules (Example): use released APIs listed on the SAP Business Accelerator Hub; in SAP Cloud ERP, connect through communication scenarios and arrangements; route external traffic through SAP Integration Suite; publish business events for decoupled consumers. Detailed specifications follow the Integration Design (architecture/integration-design) and the Integration Strategy (architecture/integration-strategy).

11. Data migration

ItemDesign
ToolExample: SAP S/4HANA Migration Cockpit (Migrate Your Data app), staging tables approach for non-SAP sources, direct transfer for the ECC source (direct transfer is not available in SAP Cloud ERP Public Edition)
ObjectsExample: 28 migration objects (business partners, products, open items, balances, open orders, fixed assets)
HistoryExample: Open items and balances only; 2 years of history to the archive and reporting store
Mock loadsExample: 3 mock loads and 1 dress rehearsal, each reconciled
ReconciliationData Migration Reconciliation Report (project/data-migration-reconciliation) per load
Full designData Migration Strategy (architecture/data-migration-strategy)
ObjectSourceApproachVolumeLoad orderReconciliation key
Business partner (Example)ECC, two local packagesStaging tables after cleansing48,0001Count by role and company
Open supplier items (Example)ECCStaging tables12,5004Balance per company code and supplier
[Object][Source][Approach][n][n][Key]

12. Analytics, output and forms

12.1 Analytics

NeedSolutionReason
Operational lists and real-time KPIsExample: Embedded analytics on released CDS views, Fiori analytical appsReal time, no extra copy of data
Planning and management dashboardsExample: SAP Analytics CloudPlanning and cross-source dashboards
Enterprise data platformExample: SAP Business Data Cloud or existing lakehouseBlending with non-SAP data
[Need][Solution][Reason]

12.2 Output and forms

ItemDesign
Output determinationExample: S/4HANA output management for new documents
Form technologyExample: Adobe-based form templates rendered by the SAP forms service
ChannelsExample: Email, print through cloud print manager, electronic invoicing network

13. Security, roles and authorisations

AreaDesign
IdentityExample: Corporate identity provider federated with SAP Cloud Identity Services (Identity Authentication, Identity Provisioning)
Role modelExample: Business roles built from SAP-delivered templates (Cloud ERP) or task-based single and composite roles (Private Edition)
Segregation of dutiesExample: Rule set for source to pay and record to report; checks before role assignment
Privileged accessExample: Emergency access with time-bound elevation and log review
Data protection and auditExample: Blocking and deletion of personal data per retention policy; security audit log, change documents, read access logging for sensitive fields
Role IDBusiness roleMain tasksConflicting rolesUsers
ROL-AP-01 (Example)Accounts payable clerkPost supplier invoices, clear itemsROL-MD-02 supplier master maintenance25
ROL-MD-02 (Example)Supplier master specialistCreate and change suppliersROL-AP-014
[ROL-NNN][Role][Tasks][Conflicts][n]

Enterprise identity: IAM Solution Design (security/iam-solution-design).

14. User experience

ItemDesign
Entry pointExample: SAP Fiori launchpad, embedded in the company portal through SAP Build Work Zone
App selectionExample: Apps per business role from the SAP Fiori apps reference library
LayoutExample: Spaces and pages per role; no personal tile sets at go-live
DevicesExample: Desktop for office users; tablets for warehouse picking

15. Landscape, transport and release management

ItemDesign
LandscapeExample: Three systems (development, quality, production) plus a sandbox; BTP with three subaccounts
Change controlExample: SAP Cloud ALM for requirements, test and deployment; transport management system for ABAP; SAP Cloud Transport Management for BTP content
Release cadenceExample: Cloud ERP: two SAP releases per year with regression test window; Private Edition: one upgrade every two years, FPS within the year
Regression testingExample: Automated tests for the top 60 process variants run on every SAP release and every major transport bundle
Retrofit and freezeExample: Code freeze two weeks before each SAP upgrade and before go-live

16. Non-functional design

QualityRequirementDelivered byVerification
AvailabilityExample: As per the contracted service level for productionSAP (cloud contract)Monthly service report
PerformanceExample: 95% of dialog steps for top 20 apps under 2 seconds at 1,200 usersProjectPerformance test
Batch windowExample: Nightly MRP and billing complete by 05:00 local timeProjectVolume test
RecoveryExample: RPO and RTO per contract and per HA/DR designSAP and customerDR test
Integration resilienceExample: No message lost; retries and alerting for every interfaceProjectIntegration test
[Quality][Requirement][Owner][Method]

Surrounding systems follow the Resilience Tiering and HA/DR Design (architecture/resilience-tiering-ha-dr-design).

17. Cutover, hypercare and run

ItemDesignDetailed in
Cutover approachExample: Big bang over a long weekend at month start, legacy read-only for 7 yearsCutover Plan (project/cutover-plan)
Go-live criteriaExample: All P1 defects closed, 3rd mock load reconciled, users trainedGo-Live Readiness Review (project/go-live-readiness-review)
HypercareExample: 6 weeks, daily triage, exit on stable ticket trendHypercare Plan (ops/hypercare-plan)
Run organisationExample: Centre of expertise for SAP, partner for application management, SAP for cloud operationsOperations Handover (ops/operations-handover)
Continuous improvementExample: Quarterly review of deferred gaps and new SAP release featuresThis design, section 6

18. Decisions, risks and traceability

18.1 Key decisions

Decision IDDecisionAlternativesReasonDate
ADR-010 (Example)Private Edition under RISE with SAPPublic Edition, on-premiseIndustry extensions and conversion of historyYYYY-MM-DD
ADR-011 (Example)One controlling area for all companiesOne per countryGroup-wide margin reportingYYYY-MM-DD
ADR-012 (Example)Usage billing side by side on BTPClassic ABAP enhancementClean core level AYYYY-MM-DD
[ADR-NNN][Decision][Alternatives][Reason]YYYY-MM-DD

18.2 Risks

Risk IDRiskLikelihoodImpactMitigationOwner
RSK-001 (Example)Business partner data quality delays mock load 1HighHighCleansing sprint started in Explore; data owners named[@mdm-lead]
RSK-002 (Example)SAP release during Realize changes a standard processMediumMediumReview release notes per release; regression test[@sap-solution-architect]
RSK-003 (Example)Level B extension breaks at upgradeLowMediumUpgrade test; plan replacement with released API[@dev-lead]
[RSK-NNN][Risk][L][I][Mitigation][@owner]

18.3 Traceability

OutcomeProcessFit-gap IDObject IDTest caseStatus
OUT-01 (Example)E2E-RTR-01FG-031RPT-FIN-004TC-RTR-014Passed
OUT-03 (Example)E2E-OTC-02FG-007EXT-BIL-001TC-BIL-005In build
[OUT-NN][E2E-NNN][FG-NNN][OBJ-ID][TC-ID][Status]

19. Glossary and references

19.1 Glossary

TermMeaning
SAP ActivateSAP's implementation method with the phases Discover, Prepare, Explore, Realize, Deploy and Run
Fit-to-standardExplore phase workshops that demonstrate the standard and capture delta requirements
Clean coreKeeping the ERP close to standard with extensions on stable, released interfaces
Clean core levelSAP's A to D rating of how upgrade-safe an extension is
RISE with SAP / GROW with SAPSAP's subscription bundles for cloud ERP: RISE with SAP for the transformation of new or existing customers (any cloud edition), GROW with SAP for net-new customers adopting SAP Cloud ERP (Public Edition)
SAP BTPSAP Business Technology Platform, used for side-by-side extensions and integration
Scope itemPreconfigured business process content delivered by SAP
WRICEFWorkflows, Reports, Interfaces, Conversions, Enhancements, Forms
FPSFeature package stack delivered between base releases

19.2 References

ReferenceVersion or date checkedUse
SAP Learning, Discovering SAP Activate: Explore phase overview, learning.sap.comChecked 2026-10-23Explore activities and deliverables
SAP News, "Extend SAP S/4HANA Cloud the Right Way: Clean and Clear", news.sap.com2025-08-12Clean core levels A to D
SAP News, SAP S/4HANA maintenance to 2040, news.sap.com2020-02-04Business Suite 7 maintenance dates
SAP News, new SAP S/4HANA release and maintenance strategy, news.sap.com2022-09Two-year release cycle, seven years maintenance
SAP News, updates for SAP ERP, private edition, transition option, news.sap.com2025-08-04, updated 2026-10-13Transition option conditions
SAP Help Portal, SAP S/4HANA Migration Cockpit, help.sap.comCheck current releaseMigration approaches
Fit-Gap Analysis (architecture/fit-gap-analysis)This libraryRegister behind section 5

Standard and licence note

Structure aligned with the deliverables of the Explore phase of SAP Activate and with SAP's published clean core guidance. Only phase, product, tool and level names are used; no SAP methodology content, accelerators, roadmap text or tables are reproduced, and all text, examples and tables are original and written for this collection. Dates and conditions are summarised from SAP announcements as checked on 2026-10-23; check the current official versions before use. SAP, SAP S/4HANA, SAP Activate, SAP BTP, SAP Fiori, RISE with SAP and GROW with SAP are trademarks of SAP SE or its affiliates; this template is not affiliated with or endorsed by them. Template licence: MIT.

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