IoT Security and Privacy Profile Template (ISO/IEC 27400, 27402)

IoT role, inventory and architecture, risk sources, device security and privacy baseline, lifecycle controls, Annex A mapping, EU CRA example

ISMS 与 ISO/IEC 27001完整ISO/IEC 27400:2022; ISO/IEC 27402:2023; ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024 6.1.3 and Annex A (cited only); EU CRA as exampleiot 27400 security更新于 2026年11月1日

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使用方法: Use it when connected devices are in the ISMS scope, whether you buy, integrate or manufacture them. Fill your role, the IoT inventory and the device baseline first, and put the baseline into every tender. The main pitfall is buying devices before asking about default passwords, update paths and support periods, which cannot be fixed after purchase.

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IoT Security and Privacy Profile (ISO/IEC 27400 and 27402): [Organization name]

Profile for organizations that design, buy, deploy or operate Internet of Things (IoT) systems: connected devices, gateways, IoT platforms and the applications that use their data. It records how the guidance in ISO/IEC 27400:2022 (IoT security and privacy guidelines) and the device baseline in ISO/IEC 27402:2023 are applied inside an ISMS that meets ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024, through risk treatment (6.1.3), the Statement of Applicability and procurement requirements. The EU Cyber Resilience Act is used as an example regulation. Replace every [bracketed] value and every row marked Example. This is a documentation format, not legal advice.

Document control

Field	Value
Document ID	DOC-ISMS-111
Version	[1.0]
Status	[Draft / In review / Approved / Superseded]
Owner	[@iot-security-lead]
Approvers/reviewers	[@ciso], [@data-protection-officer], [@head-of-procurement], [@product-owner]
Last updated	YYYY-MM-DD
Classification	[Internal]
Standard and edition	ISO/IEC 27400:2022; ISO/IEC 27402:2023; ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024
Next scheduled review	YYYY-MM-DD
Our role	[Operator / Integrator / Manufacturer / Several]
IoT systems in scope	[List, or refer to section 3]
Products placed on the EU market	[Yes: see section 9 / No]

Approvals

Role	Name	Decision	Date
IoT security lead (author)	[@iot-security-lead]	[Prepared]	YYYY-MM-DD
Data protection officer	[@data-protection-officer]	[Reviewed]	YYYY-MM-DD
Head of procurement	[@head-of-procurement]	[Reviewed]	YYYY-MM-DD
CISO	[@ciso]	[Approved]	YYYY-MM-DD

Revision history

Version	Date	Author	Change
1.0	YYYY-MM-DD	[@iot-security-lead]	First issue
[x.y]	YYYY-MM-DD	[@author]	[Change summary]

1. Purpose, scope and role
2. The IoT standards at a glance
3. IoT system inventory and architecture
4. Risk sources and scenarios
5. Device security and privacy baseline
6. Lifecycle controls
7. Mapping to Annex A
8. Implementation table
9. Regulatory example: EU Cyber Resilience Act
10. Size tiers
11. Records and evidence
12. References
Standard and licence note

1. Purpose, scope and role

This profile explains how [Organization name] manages security and privacy risks of IoT systems. It:

lists the IoT systems in scope and their architecture (section 3);
records IoT-specific risk sources and scenarios (section 4);
sets a device baseline used for design or procurement (section 5);
defines controls for each lifecycle stage (section 6);
maps the profile to Annex A of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 and to the Statement of Applicability, DOC-ISMS-011 (section 7).

IoT system	Our role	Reason
[System name]	[Operator / Integrator / Manufacturer]	[We buy and run the devices / We assemble and support a solution / We design and sell the device]
Plant condition monitoring (Example)	Operator	Sensors bought from a supplier, run by plant engineering

2. The IoT standards at a glance

Standard	Edition	What it gives you (summarised from the public catalogue)	How this profile uses it
ISO/IEC 27400	2022 (published 2022-06-07)	Guidelines on risks, principles and controls for security and privacy of IoT solutions	Sections 4, 6 and 7
ISO/IEC 27402	2023 (published 2023-11-21)	Baseline ICT requirements for IoT devices to support security and privacy controls	Section 5
ISO/IEC 27403	2024	Guidelines for IoT domotics (home automation)	Only if you supply home devices
ISO/IEC 27404	2025	Cybersecurity labelling framework for consumer IoT	Only for consumer products
ISO/IEC 30141	2024	IoT reference architecture	Vocabulary for section 3

Other baselines often used alongside (cite by name, check versions): ETSI EN 303 645 (consumer IoT baseline, V3.1.3 published 2024-09 at the time of writing), NIST IR 8259A (IoT device cybersecurity capability core baseline, 2020), and IEC 62443-4-2 for industrial components.

3. IoT system inventory and architecture

3.1 Inventory

System	Device types	Count	Connectivity	Data collected	Update method	Support ends	Owner
Plant condition monitoring (Example)	Vibration and temperature sensors, 3 gateways	1,800 sensors	Wireless to gateway, gateway to cloud platform	Machine telemetry, no personal data	Gateway pushes signed firmware	2032	Plant engineering
Building access (Example)	Badge readers, door controllers	120	Wired building network	Badge ID, time, door	Vendor tool on site	2029	Facilities
[System]	[Types]	[n]	[Connectivity]	[Data]	[Method]	[Year]	[@owner]

3.2 Reference architecture

Each arrow is a trust boundary. Record for each one: authentication method, encryption, allowed direction, and who can change it.

4. Risk sources and scenarios

Risk source	Typical scenario	Affected properties
Default or shared credentials	Attacker logs in to devices with factory passwords and builds a botnet	Integrity, availability
No or slow updates	Known vulnerability stays open for years on long-lived devices	Confidentiality, integrity
Physical exposure	Device in a public or remote place is opened and its keys extracted	Confidentiality, integrity
Insecure communication	Telemetry or commands sent unencrypted and altered	Integrity
Excessive data collection	Device collects audio, video or location beyond the stated purpose	Privacy
Ownership transfer	Resold or returned device still holds the previous user's data and access	Privacy, confidentiality
Supplier end of life	Vendor stops updates or shuts down the cloud service	Availability
Cloud platform compromise	Attacker uses the platform to push malicious firmware to all devices	Integrity, availability, safety

Worked scenario (Example):

Field	Value
Risk ID	R-074 (Example)
Scenario	Building access controllers use a default administrator password; an attacker on the building network unlocks doors
Inherent likelihood x impact	3 x 4 = 12, High
Treatment	IOT-IMP-002 (unique credentials, building network segment, vendor update)
Residual likelihood x impact	1 x 4 = 4, Low
Acceptance	Low residual risk accepted by the risk owner, the facilities manager

5. Device security and privacy baseline

Baseline ID	Requirement (our wording)	Theme	Verification
IOT-BASE-001	No universal default passwords; unique credentials per device or set at first use	Security	Inspect device, supplier statement
IOT-BASE-002	Device can be uniquely identified (logical and physical identifier)	Security	Registry record
IOT-BASE-003	Software and firmware can be updated securely, with integrity and authenticity checks	Security	Update test, signature check
IOT-BASE-004	Supplier states the minimum support period for security updates	Security	Contract clause
IOT-BASE-005	Supplier operates a vulnerability disclosure and handling process	Security	Published policy, contract clause
IOT-BASE-006	Communication protected with current cryptography; no unencrypted management interfaces	Security	Traffic capture, configuration review
IOT-BASE-007	Unused interfaces and services disabled by default	Security	Port scan in a lab, configuration review
IOT-BASE-008	Device logs security events and can send them to a central collector	Security	Log sample
IOT-BASE-009	Device resists simple physical tampering and protects stored secrets	Security	Supplier evidence, lab test for high-risk devices
IOT-BASE-010	Data collected is limited to the stated purpose; purpose documented	Privacy	Data flow review, DPIA where needed
IOT-BASE-011	User can delete personal data and reset the device before transfer or disposal	Privacy	Reset test
IOT-BASE-012	Software bill of materials available on request	Security	SBOM received
IOT-BASE-013	Device keeps safe operation when connectivity is lost	Security	Failover test
IOT-BASE-014	Supplier risk assessment for the device is documented	Risk management	Supplier documentation

Baseline exceptions go through the security exception process (security/security-exception-request) with an expiry date.

6. Lifecycle controls

Stage	Controls	Owner	Record
Design (manufacturers and integrators)	Threat model (`security/threat-model`), privacy by design review, baseline section 5 as design input, secure development (DOC-ISMS-065)	Product security lead	Threat model, design review
Procurement (operators)	Baseline in tender, supplier assessment (DOC-ISMS-067), support period and update terms in contract	Procurement	Tender scoring, contract
Onboarding	Register in inventory, set unique credentials, issue device certificate, place in IoT network segment	Device owner	Inventory entry, onboarding checklist
Operation	Monitor device health and security events, review access, check for unknown devices	Operations	Monitoring reports
Update	Track vendor advisories, test updates, roll out in waves, verify version	Device owner	Change records, version report
Transfer of ownership	Factory reset, remove from registry and platform, revoke certificates, give new owner a clean device	Device owner	Transfer record
Decommission	Wipe or destroy storage, revoke credentials, update inventory (DOC-ISMS-057)	IT or facilities	Disposal record

7. Mapping to Annex A

IoT topic	Primary Annex A controls (short labels)
Device inventory and ownership	A.5.9 inventory of information and assets
Supplier and support period	A.5.19, A.5.20, A.5.21, A.5.22 supplier relationships and ICT supply chain
Cloud IoT platforms	A.5.23 security for cloud service use
Privacy of device data	A.5.34 privacy and PII protection
Device credentials and identity	A.5.16 identity lifecycle, A.5.17 authentication information, A.8.5 secure authentication
Physical protection of field devices	A.7.8 equipment siting and protection, A.7.9 assets used off-premises
Disposal and transfer	A.7.14 secure disposal or re-use of equipment, A.8.10 information deletion
Secure configuration	A.8.9 configuration management
Vulnerabilities and updates	A.8.8 technical vulnerability management, A.8.19 software installation
Logging and monitoring	A.8.15 logging, A.8.16 monitoring activities
IoT network segment	A.8.20 network security, A.8.22 network segregation
Encryption of telemetry and commands	A.8.24 use of cryptography
Secure product development	A.8.25 secure development life cycle, A.8.26 application security requirements, A.8.27 secure architecture, A.8.28 secure coding
Testing devices	A.8.29 security testing in development and acceptance

8. Implementation table

Item ID	Link	What is done	Owner	Status	Due	Evidence
IOT-IMP-001 (Example)	IOT-BASE-001 to 014	Baseline added to every IoT tender from 2027	Procurement	Implemented	2027-01-31	Tender template v2
IOT-IMP-002 (Example)	R-074	Unique credentials on all 120 access controllers, building network segment, vendor update applied	Facilities	Partial	2027-04-30	Configuration report, change record
IOT-IMP-003 (Example)	Onboarding stage	Device certificates issued by internal PKI for all gateways	IoT security lead	Implemented	2027-03-31	Certificate register (DOC-ISMS-070)
IOT-IMP-004 (Example)	Operation stage	Network discovery runs weekly; unknown devices raise a ticket	Network team	Planned	2027-09-30	Discovery reports
IOT-IMP-005	[Link]	[Action]	[@owner]	[Status]	YYYY-MM-DD	[Record]

Status summary (Example): 5 rows, of which 2 implemented, 1 partial, 1 planned and 1 blank row awaiting entries.

9. Regulatory example: EU Cyber Resilience Act

Regulation (EU) 2024/2847, the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), sets cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements placed on the EU market. Main points for IoT, in summary:

Topic	Summary	Applies to
Essential requirements	Security by design and default, and vulnerability handling, set out in Annex I	Manufacturers
Support period	Manufacturers determine and state a support period during which vulnerabilities are handled	Manufacturers
Reporting	Actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe incidents reported to the designated CSIRT and ENISA, applying from 11 September 2026, including for products already on the market	Manufacturers
Full application	Most other obligations apply from 11 December 2027	Manufacturers, importers, distributors
Buyer side	Operators can rely on CE marking and the stated support period when selecting devices, and should keep them in procurement records	Operators

Other examples of IoT rules: the radio equipment cybersecurity requirements under Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/30, applicable from 1 August 2025, and national consumer IoT labelling schemes. For detailed CRA processes, see security/cra-vulnerability-handling, security/cra-technical-documentation and security/sbom-vex-policy.

10. Size tiers

Aspect	Small (under 50 people)	Medium (50 to 500)	Large or multi-site (over 500 or several sites)
Size reference	Quillmere Analytics Ltd, 46 staff (38 employees, 8 contractors), part-time ISMS manager	Quillmere Health Systems, 320 staff, full-time ISMS manager and 3-person security team	Quillmere Group, 2,400 staff, 6 sites in 4 countries, CISO and 14-person security office
Typical IoT use (Example)	Office devices (cameras, printers, meeting room screens); ingests customer telemetry in the cloud platform	Badge readers and meeting room devices at two offices and the colocation suite; devices at hospital customers through its service	Industrial sensors and gateways at 3 plants, building systems at all 6 sites
Baseline use	Short procurement checklist (credentials, updates, support period)	Full baseline in tenders, IoT network segment per office	Full baseline, IEC 62443-4-2 for industrial components, central device registry
Monitoring	Router logs and quarterly device review	Network discovery and alerts from the SOC tool	Passive monitoring per site feeding a central SOC
Governance	ISMS manager	IoT owner per system, ISMS manager oversight	IoT and OT security function in the security office
Review cycle	Yearly	Yearly plus after new device types	Yearly per site, rolling group review

11. Records and evidence

Record	Proves	Owner	Location	Retention
IoT inventory with firmware and support dates	A.5.9 applied to IoT	Device owners	DOC-ISMS-012	[Current plus 3 years of snapshots]
Tender and contract records with baseline	Baseline used in procurement	Procurement	[Contract system]	[Contract term plus 6 years]
Onboarding and transfer records	Lifecycle controls	Device owners	[ITSM tool]	[Example: 3 years]
Update and version reports	A.8.8 for devices	Device owners	[Device management platform]	[Example: 3 years]
Disposal records	A.7.14 and A.8.10	IT or facilities	DOC-ISMS-057	[Example: 6 years]
Network discovery reports and tickets	Unknown devices are detected	Network team	[Monitoring tool]	[Example: 1 year]
Supplier support period statements and SBOMs	Supplier duties	Procurement	[Supplier register DOC-ISMS-066]	[Device life plus 2 years]

Link each record to its control in isms/control-evidence-matrix (DOC-ISMS-033).

12. References

Reference	Edition and status	Use
ISO/IEC 27400:2022, IoT security and privacy guidelines	Current (https://www.iso.org/standard/44373.html)	Risks, principles and controls
ISO/IEC 27402:2023, IoT device baseline requirements	Current (https://www.iso.org/standard/80136.html)	Device baseline
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024	Current (https://www.iso.org/standard/82875.html, Amd 1: https://www.iso.org/standard/88435.html)	ISMS requirements, clause 6.1.3, Annex A
ISO/IEC 27002:2022	Current (https://www.iso.org/standard/75652.html)	Control guidance
ISO/IEC 27403:2024, ISO/IEC 27404:2025, ISO/IEC 30141:2024	Current (cited without link)	Domotics, consumer labelling, reference architecture
ETSI EN 303 645	V3.1.3 (2024-09) at the time of writing; check the current version	Consumer IoT baseline
NIST IR 8259A	2020 (https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ir/8259/a/final)	Device capability core baseline
Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (Cyber Resilience Act)	OJ 20.11.2024 (https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj)	Product cybersecurity example
Related templates	`compliance/statement-of-applicability`, `compliance/risk-methodology`, `compliance/asset-inventory`, `compliance/supplier-security-assessment`, `compliance/privacy-by-design-review`, `isms/network-security-standard`, `isms/secure-configuration-baseline`, `isms/cryptographic-key-register`, `isms/equipment-disposal-reuse-record`, `isms/energy-27019-controls`, `isms/health-27799-controls`, `isms/control-evidence-matrix`, `security/threat-model`, `security/security-exception-request`, `security/cra-vulnerability-handling`, `security/cra-technical-documentation`, `security/sbom-vex-policy`	Linked documents

Standard and licence note

Structure aligned with ISO/IEC 27400:2022, ISO/IEC 27402:2023 and ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024 (clause 6.1.3 and Annex A). The risk sources, baseline, lifecycle, mapping and examples are original. No text, requirements, tables or definitions from ISO, IEC or ETSI documents are reproduced; standard descriptions are short paraphrases of public catalogue entries. You need licensed copies of the standards to confirm the baseline. Check the current editions before use. Official ISO text, purchase or licensed access: https://www.iso.org/standard/44373.html, https://www.iso.org/standard/80136.html and https://www.iso.org/standard/82875.html. Regulatory summaries are short paraphrases; this is a documentation format, not legal advice.

Template licence: MIT.