Malware Protection Standard Template (ISO/IEC 27001 A.8.7)
Threat picture, layered controls (EDR, e-mail and web filtering, allow-listing, macros), detection and response times, awareness, coverage metrics, exceptions
使用方法: Use it when you select or review anti-malware tooling, after a malware incident, or when justifying A.8.7 in the SoA. Fill the layer table and coverage targets first. The main pitfall is treating installed antivirus as the whole control without proving coverage and alert handling.
预览
Malware Protection Standard: [Organization name]
Defines the layered technical and organizational controls that prevent, detect and respond to malware (including ransomware, information stealers, malicious macros and scripts) across endpoints, servers, cloud workloads, e-mail and web traffic. Supports ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024 Annex A control A.8.7 (protection against malware), with links to A.6.3, A.7.10, A.8.1, A.8.8, A.8.13, A.8.16, A.8.19 and A.8.23, and the guidance in ISO/IEC 27002:2022. Replace every
[bracketed]value and every row marked Example.
Document control
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Document ID | DOC-ISMS-059 |
| Version | [1.0] |
| Status | [Draft / In review / Approved / Superseded] |
| Owner | [@security-operations-lead] |
| Approvers/reviewers | [@ciso], [@isms-manager], [@head-of-it] |
| Last updated | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Effective from | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Classification | [Internal] |
| Standard and edition | ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024 (A.8.7, cited only); ISO/IEC 27002:2022 |
| Next scheduled review | YYYY-MM-DD (at least annually and after any malware incident rated High or Critical) |
| Parent policy | [Information security policy DOC-ISMS-001] |
| Related standards | [Endpoint and BYOD policy DOC-ISMS-058], [Secure configuration baseline DOC-ISMS-060], [Security monitoring procedure DOC-ISMS-064] |
Approvals
| Role | Name | Decision | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard owner | [@security-operations-lead] | [Prepared] | YYYY-MM-DD |
| ISMS manager | [@isms-manager] | [Reviewed] | YYYY-MM-DD |
| CISO or top management delegate | [@ciso] | [Approved] | YYYY-MM-DD |
Revision history
| Version | Date | Author | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | YYYY-MM-DD | [@owner] | First issue |
| [x.y] | YYYY-MM-DD | [@author] | [Change summary] |
Contents
- 1. Purpose and scope
- 2. Roles and responsibilities
- 3. Threat picture
- 4. Layered control model
- 5. Endpoint and server protection requirements
- 6. E-mail, web and file controls
- 7. Application allow-listing, macros and scripts
- 8. Detection and response
- 9. User awareness
- 10. Coverage, metrics and testing
- 11. Exceptions
- 12. Size tiers
- 13. Records and evidence
- 14. References
- Standard and licence note
1. Purpose and scope
This standard sets minimum requirements so that malware is blocked before execution where possible, detected quickly where not, and contained before it spreads or encrypts data. It applies to:
| Asset class | In scope | Primary protection |
|---|---|---|
| User endpoints (categories C1 and C2 in DOC-ISMS-058) | Yes | EDR agent, application control, hardened baseline |
| BYOD mobile (category C3) | Yes | Managed app protection, jailbreak and root detection |
| Servers (virtual and physical) | Yes | Server EDR or workload protection agent |
| Cloud workloads and containers | Yes | Workload protection, image scanning in the build pipeline |
| Yes | Secure e-mail gateway or suite-native filtering | |
| Web traffic | Yes | DNS and web filtering (A.8.23) |
| File storage and collaboration | Yes | On-upload scanning in the storage or suite service |
| Removable media | Yes | Blocked by default, scanning on approved exception (A.7.10) |
| OT and appliances that cannot run agents | [Yes / Not in scope] | Network segregation, allow-listing on HMI where supported, monitoring |
2. Roles and responsibilities
| Role | Responsibilities |
|---|---|
| Standard owner [@security-operations-lead] | Maintains this standard, the tool configuration and the coverage report |
| Security operations or managed detection service | Monitors alerts, triages and contains detections within the times in section 8 |
| IT operations [@head-of-it] | Deploys agents with every new device and server, keeps agents and signatures current |
| Cloud and platform engineering | Applies workload protection and image scanning in pipelines |
| ISMS manager [@isms-manager] | Tracks metrics, exceptions and evidence, reports to the steering committee |
| Awareness lead | Runs malware and phishing awareness under the awareness programme |
| All users | Do not disable protection, report suspicious messages and files, follow section 9 |
3. Threat picture
| Delivery path | Typical malware | Main layers that stop it |
|---|---|---|
| Phishing e-mail with attachment or link | Information stealers, loaders, ransomware precursors | E-mail filtering, sandboxing, macro controls, EDR, awareness |
| Malicious or compromised website, malvertising | Drive-by downloads, fake installers | Web filtering, browser hardening, application control |
| Exploited unpatched software | Remote access trojans, ransomware | Patching (A.8.8), EDR behaviour detection, segmentation |
| Stolen credentials into remote access | Hands-on-keyboard ransomware | MFA, privileged access controls, EDR, monitoring |
| Removable media | Worms, OT-targeting malware | Media blocking, scanning kiosks |
| Software supply chain | Trojanised packages and updates | Dependency scanning, signed artefacts, application control |
| Fake productivity or AI tools | Stealers, adware | Software catalogue, allow-listing, awareness |
Update this table at each annual review using the threat intelligence procedure (DOC-ISMS-045).
4. Layered control model
| Layer ID | Layer | Tool category | Owner | Coverage target (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAL-CTL-001 (Example) | E-mail filtering and attachment sandboxing | Suite-native protection or secure e-mail gateway | [@head-of-it] | 100% of inbound mail |
| MAL-CTL-002 (Example) | DNS and web filtering | Protective DNS, secure web gateway or EDR web module | [@head-of-it] | 100% of managed devices, on and off network |
| MAL-CTL-003 (Example) | Hardened baseline and patching | MDM, configuration management | [@head-of-it] | Per DOC-ISMS-060 and DOC-ISMS-058 section 6 |
| MAL-CTL-004 (Example) | Application control | OS-native allow-listing or EDR application control | [@secops] | All C1 devices, all servers |
| MAL-CTL-005 (Example) | Macro and script controls | Suite policy and OS script policies | [@head-of-it] | All managed devices |
| MAL-CTL-006 (Example) | Endpoint and workload detection and response | EDR or workload protection platform | [@secops] | 100% of endpoints and servers |
| MAL-CTL-007 (Example) | Monitoring and response | SIEM or EDR console, managed detection service | [@secops] | 24/7 for High and Critical alerts |
| MAL-CTL-008 (Example) | Recovery | Immutable or offline backups (DOC-ISMS-061) | [@head-of-it] | All Tier 1 systems |
5. Endpoint and server protection requirements
- Every managed endpoint and server runs the approved EDR or workload protection agent before it connects to production or business systems.
- Tamper protection is on. Users and local administrators cannot stop, uninstall or reconfigure the agent. Uninstall requires a one-time token issued by security operations and logged.
- Real-time protection, behaviour monitoring, cloud-delivered protection and ransomware protection (for example controlled folder access or rollback where the product supports it) are on.
- Agent and detection content updates are automatic. A device whose agent has not reported for [7] days appears on the coverage exception list and is investigated.
- Prevention mode, not audit-only, is used for known-bad files and high-confidence behaviours. Audit mode is allowed only during a documented tuning period of no more than [30] days.
- Exclusions (paths, processes, hashes) are approved by security operations, recorded with a reason and reviewed [quarterly]. Broad exclusions such as whole drives or user-writable folders are not permitted.
- Isolation from the network can be triggered remotely by security operations for any endpoint or server.
- Linux and container hosts use workload protection that supports the distributions in the secure configuration baseline (DOC-ISMS-060). Container images are scanned in the pipeline and at runtime.
- Full scans of servers run [weekly], timed to avoid business impact.
6. E-mail, web and file controls
| Area | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Inbound attachments | Scan all attachments, detonate unknown executables and documents in a sandbox, block executable and script file types listed in [blocked type list] |
| Links | Rewrite or check links at time of click, block known malicious domains |
| Sender authentication | Enforce SPF, DKIM and DMARC checks on inbound mail, mark external senders (see DOC-ISMS-075) |
| Encrypted archives | Quarantine password-protected archives from external senders unless the recipient requests release through the service desk |
| Web filtering | Block malware, phishing, newly registered and uncategorised domains on managed devices, on and off network |
| Downloads | Block executable downloads from uncategorised sites, scan all other downloads |
| File storage | Scan files on upload to cloud storage and collaboration sites, quarantine detections |
| Removable media | Block mass storage on C1 devices by default. Approved exceptions require scanning at a dedicated kiosk |
7. Application allow-listing, macros and scripts
| Control | Requirement | Mode per group (Example) |
|---|---|---|
| Application allow-listing | Only signed software from approved publishers and the software catalogue runs | Servers: enforce. Finance and HR laptops: enforce. Engineering laptops: audit with weekly review |
| User-writable locations | Block execution from downloads, temp and user profile folders | All C1 devices: enforce |
| Office macros | Block macros in files from the internet. Allow only signed macros from trusted publishers where a business need exists | All users |
| Scripting engines | Constrained or logged script execution, block script hosts for standard users where not needed | All C1 devices |
| Living-off-the-land tools | Block or alert on misuse of built-in admin tools by non-admins | EDR rule set |
| Browser extensions | Allow-list only | All managed browsers |
Exceptions to allow-listing for developer tools follow section 11 and are scoped to named groups and paths.
8. Detection and response
| Alert severity | Example | Triage time (Example) | Containment time (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Critical | Ransomware behaviour, credential dumping on a server | 15 minutes, 24/7 | 1 hour |
| High | Malware executed on an endpoint, malicious macro run | 1 hour, 24/7 | 4 hours |
| Medium | Malware blocked on execution, suspicious script | 1 business day | Not applicable if blocked |
| Low | Adware, potentially unwanted application | 3 business days | Removal at next maintenance |
Rules:
- Security operations follow the malware playbook in
security/soc-playbookand log every true positive in the incident register (DOC-ISMS-021). - Executed malware on a host with access to restricted data is always an incident under the incident response plan (DOC-ISMS-020).
- Compromised hosts are rebuilt from a known-good image rather than cleaned, unless forensic and business reasons justify cleaning.
- Evidence is preserved before rebuild when the incident may lead to
legal action (
security/forensic-evidence-record). - Indicators from confirmed incidents are added to blocking rules and shared with sector groups where agreed (DOC-ISMS-069).
- After a High or Critical malware incident, a post-incident review (DOC-ISMS-022) checks which layer failed and updates this standard.
9. User awareness
- All staff complete malware and phishing awareness at onboarding and
[annually] through the awareness programme
(
security/security-awareness-program). - Phishing simulations follow the phishing simulation plan (DOC-ISMS-074).
- Staff report suspicious messages with the [report button / address]. Reports are acknowledged and the reporter told the outcome where practical.
- Staff never disable security tools, never run software from unknown sources and never plug in found removable media.
- Short notices are sent when a relevant campaign is active, based on threat intelligence.
10. Coverage, metrics and testing
| Metric | Formula | Target (Example) | Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| EDR coverage | Assets with healthy agent / assets in inventory that require an agent | At least 99% | Monthly |
| Tamper protection | Agents with tamper protection on / all agents | 100% | Monthly |
| Mean time to triage, High and Critical | Average minutes from alert to triage | Under 60 | Monthly |
| Executed malware incidents | Count of true positives where malware executed | Trend down | Quarterly |
| Exclusions reviewed | Exclusions reviewed this quarter / all exclusions | 100% | Quarterly |
| User reporting rate | Reported simulated phish / delivered simulated phish | Trend up | Per campaign |
Worked coverage example for Quillmere Health Systems (Example): the asset inventory lists 320 laptops and 60 servers that require an agent, 380 assets in total. The EDR console shows 376 healthy agents, so coverage is 376 / 380 = 98.9%, below the 99% target. The 4 missing agents (3 laptops in repair, 1 new server) are investigated and either fixed or recorded as justified.
Testing:
- Run a harmless industry test file (for example the EICAR test file) on a sample of devices [quarterly] to confirm detection and alerting.
- Include a malware or ransomware scenario in a tabletop exercise
(
security/tabletop-exercise) at least [annually]. - Include EDR evasion checks in penetration tests where in scope.
11. Exceptions
Exceptions (missing agent, audit-only mode, broad exclusion, macro allowance) are requested with the security exception request (DOC-ISMS-122) and approved at the authority the risk methodology (DOC-ISMS-010 section 2.4) sets for the residual risk: the risk owner for Low; the risk owner and department head for Medium (top management if the risk category is Averse, DOC-ISMS-015 section 9 rule 1); top management with a treatment decision for High, recorded in the risk acceptance record (DOC-ISMS-019). Critical residual risk is not approvable as an exception: treat it or stop the activity. Security operations assess each request and the ISMS manager keeps the exception register. Maximum duration is 12 months for Low or Medium and 6 months for High; at expiry the exception is reassessed, and a renewal is a new decision (DOC-ISMS-122 section 7).
| Exception ID | Asset and rule | Compensating control | Approved by | Expiry |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXC-MAL-001 (Example) | Legacy lab analyser PC cannot run EDR (MAL-CTL-006) | Isolated network segment, allow-listing, USB blocked, monthly offline scan | Lab manager (risk owner) and head of clinical services, residual risk Medium | 2027-03-31 |
| EXC-MAL-002 (Example) | Signed finance macros allowed for 12 users (MAL-CTL-005) | Trusted publisher only, files from internet still blocked | Head of finance (risk owner), residual risk Low | 2027-06-30 |
12. Size tiers
| Aspect | Small: Quillmere Analytics Ltd | Medium: Quillmere Health Systems | Large: Quillmere Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tooling (Example) | Suite-native e-mail protection and EDR bundled with the productivity suite licence, protective DNS | Dedicated EDR, secure e-mail gateway, SIEM | EDR across IT, OT-aware monitoring for plants, SIEM with a security operations centre |
| Monitoring | Managed detection service, 24/7, Head of Engineering Operations as escalation | 3-person security team in office hours, managed service at night | 14-person security office with in-house SOC and on-call rota |
| Allow-listing | Audit mode on laptops, enforce on cloud build agents | Enforce on servers and clinical support laptops | Enforce on servers, HMI and plant terminals, rings for office staff |
| Removable media | Blocked, no exceptions | Blocked, scanning kiosk at each office | Scanning kiosks at each plant for OT maintenance media |
| Reporting | Monthly coverage export | Monthly dashboard to steering committee | Per-site metrics in group report |
13. Records and evidence
| Record | Owner | Location | Retention (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|
| EDR coverage report reconciled with asset inventory | [@secops] | ISMS evidence folder | 3 years |
| EDR and e-mail policy configuration exports | [@secops] | Configuration repository | 3 years |
| Exclusion list with approvals and review dates | [@secops] | EDR console and exception register | Expiry plus 3 years |
| Alert and incident tickets | [@secops] | Ticketing system, incident register DOC-ISMS-021 | 3 years minimum |
| Detection test results | [@secops] | ISMS evidence folder | 3 years |
| Awareness completion and phishing results | [@awareness-lead] | Learning platform | 3 years |
Map each record to A.8.7 in the control evidence matrix (DOC-ISMS-033,
isms/control-evidence-matrix).
14. References
| Reference | Edition | Use |
|---|---|---|
| ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024, https://www.iso.org/standard/82875.html | Current, Amd 1 https://www.iso.org/standard/88435.html | Annex A control A.8.7 and related controls |
| ISO/IEC 27002:2022, https://www.iso.org/standard/75652.html | Current | Control guidance |
| NIST SP 800-83 Rev. 1, Guide to Malware Incident Prevention and Handling for Desktops and Laptops | July 2013 | Prevention and handling concepts (free public source, older but not withdrawn) |
| CIS Critical Security Controls v8.1 | June 2024 | Control 10 (malware defenses), cited by number and name only |
| MITRE ATT&CK | Current release | Technique IDs for detection coverage |
Related templates: isms/endpoint-device-byod-policy (DOC-ISMS-058),
isms/secure-configuration-baseline (DOC-ISMS-060),
isms/backup-policy (DOC-ISMS-061),
isms/security-monitoring-procedure (DOC-ISMS-064),
isms/saas-productivity-security-baseline (DOC-ISMS-075),
compliance/incident-response-plan (DOC-ISMS-020),
isms/phishing-simulation-plan (DOC-ISMS-074),
security/soc-playbook, security/detection-rule-spec,
security/security-awareness-program, security/vulnerability-management-policy.
Standard and licence note
Structure aligned with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 + Amd 1:2024 (Annex A control A.8.7 and related controls) and ISO/IEC 27002:2022. Control numbers are cited with short original labels. All requirements, tables and examples are original and reproduce no text from ISO/IEC standards: obtain the official standards from ISO (https://www.iso.org/standard/82875.html, https://www.iso.org/standard/75652.html) or your national standards body. CIS Controls are cited by number and name only. NIST SP 800-83 Rev. 1 is a US government publication. Check for the current edition of each reference before use.
Template licence: MIT.
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