Viewpoint Catalogue: [Organisation or architecture practice]
Organisation-wide library of the architecture viewpoints and model kinds
that architects reuse across projects, with the stakeholders, concerns,
perspectives and aspects each one addresses, the view methods used to
build and check them, and the correspondence rules that keep views
consistent. Structure aligned with ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022, Software,
systems and enterprise: Architecture description (second edition,
November 2022), in particular its concepts of viewpoints, model kinds,
view methods and correspondences, and its guidance on specifying
viewpoints. In 42010 terms, a catalogue like this is the core of an
organisation's own architecture description framework. Replace every
[bracketed] value and every row marked Example. Worked examples use
an invented mid-size insurer.
Document control
| Field | Value |
|---|
| Document ID | [ARCH-VPC-001] |
| Catalogue version | [1.0] |
| Status | [Draft / In review / Approved / Superseded] |
| Owner | [@chief-architect] |
| Maintainers | [@architecture-practice-lead], [@domain-architects] |
| Approvers | [Architecture board] |
| Applies to | [All solution and enterprise architecture descriptions from YYYY-MM-DD] |
| Classification | [Internal] |
| Last updated | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Next scheduled review | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Related documents | Architecture Process Plan and Records (architecture/architecture-practice-42020), Architecture Governance Charter (architecture/architecture-governance-charter), Architecture Principles (architecture/architecture-principles) |
Approvals
| Role | Name | Decision | Date |
|---|
| Chief architect | [@name] | [Approved / Approved with comments / Rejected] | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Architecture board chair | [@name] | [Decision] | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Head of security architecture | [@name] | [Decision] | YYYY-MM-DD |
| Head of engineering | [@name] | [Decision] | YYYY-MM-DD |
Revision history
| Version | Date | Author | Change summary |
|---|
| 0.1 | YYYY-MM-DD | [@name] | Initial catalogue harvested from existing architecture descriptions |
| 0.2 | YYYY-MM-DD | [@name] | Example: Added MK-07 (data flow diagram) and VP-06 (Security and trust) |
| 1.0 | YYYY-MM-DD | [@name] | Example: Approved by the architecture board; VP-01 to VP-08 approved, VP-09 on trial |
| [x.y] | YYYY-MM-DD | [@name] | [Change by ID] |
Contents
1. Purpose, scope and use
1.1 Purpose
[Purpose statement. Example: Architecture descriptions at the insurer
used 40 different diagram styles for the same questions, which made
reviews slow and comparisons between systems impossible. This catalogue
fixes a small set of viewpoints and model kinds so that every description
answers the same stakeholder questions in the same way, and so that
reviewers know what "complete" looks like.]
1.2 Scope and rules of use
- In scope: [solution architecture descriptions, enterprise segment
architectures, architecture review submissions].
- Out of scope: [low-level design documents, runbooks, product
roadmaps].
- Rule 1: every architecture description names the catalogue version
it uses and lists the viewpoints it applies (by ID).
- Rule 2: the viewpoints marked mandatory in section 11 for the
engagement type must be present, or the description records why they
are not needed.
- Rule 3: a project that needs a viewpoint not in the catalogue
specifies it in its own description using the structure of section 8
and proposes it to the catalogue owner (section 2.3).
1.3 Relationship to ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022
The table maps the parts of this catalogue to the clauses of the standard
that cover the same concept. Clause numbers are from the second edition
(2022); headings are paraphrased.
| Catalogue section | Concept | 42010:2022 clause (orientation only) |
|---|
| 3 | Stakeholders and concerns | 5.2.3 (concepts), 6.2 and 6.4 (identification in an AD) |
| 4 | Stakeholder perspectives | 5.2.4, 6.3 |
| 5 | Aspects | 5.2.5, 6.5 |
| 6 | Model kinds, legends and view components | 5.2.8, 8.2 |
| 7 and 8 | Architecture viewpoints | 5.2.7, 6.6, 8.1; informative guidance in Annex B |
| 9 | View methods | 5.2.10, 8.3 |
| 10 | Correspondences and correspondence methods | 5.2.11, 6.9 |
| Whole catalogue | Architecture description framework | 5.4, 7.1; informative examples in Annex F |
A catalogue that also states its stakeholders, concerns and conformance
rules can be presented as the organisation's own architecture
description framework (ADF). Check clause 7.1 of the standard before
claiming that status, because it lists what an ADF specification has to
contain.
2. Catalogue governance
2.1 Roles
| Role | Responsibility | Assigned to |
|---|
| Catalogue owner | Accountable for content and versioning; chairs change reviews | [@chief-architect] |
| Viewpoint steward | Owns one or more viewpoints; keeps specification, examples and templates current | [Named per viewpoint in section 7] |
| Contributor | Any architect who proposes a new or changed viewpoint or model kind | All architects |
| Approver | Accepts or rejects changes | [Architecture board] |
2.2 Life cycle states
| State | Meaning | Allowed in new descriptions? |
|---|
| Proposed | Submitted with a draft specification; not yet reviewed | No |
| Trial | Approved for use on named pilot projects to gather feedback | Only on pilot projects |
| Approved | Part of the catalogue; may be mandatory per section 11 | Yes |
| Deprecated | Being replaced; a successor is named | Only with a recorded reason |
| Retired | No longer supported; kept for reference by old descriptions | No |
2.3 Change process
- The contributor raises a change with the problem it solves, the
concerns involved and a draft specification in the format of
section 8.
- The catalogue owner checks for overlap with existing viewpoints and
model kinds. Overlap is the most common reason for rejection.
- The proposal runs as Trial on at least [two] projects, with the
steward collecting feedback from authors and reviewers.
- The architecture board approves, asks for changes or rejects. The
decision is recorded in the revision history.
- Deprecations name a successor and a date after which the old
viewpoint may no longer be chosen.
2.4 Catalogue metamodel
The diagram shows how the elements of this catalogue relate. It mirrors
the conceptual relationships described in clause 5.2 of the standard, in
simplified form.
3. Stakeholder classes
| ID | Stakeholder class | Typical roles | Main interest |
|---|
| SC-01 | Example: Business owner | Product owner, line-of-business head | Value, scope, cost, time |
| SC-02 | Example: Delivery team | Developers, testers, tech lead | What to build and how parts fit |
| SC-03 | Example: Operations | SRE, service desk, infrastructure | Running, recovering and scaling the system |
| SC-04 | Example: Security and privacy | Security architect, data protection officer | Threats, controls, personal data |
| SC-05 | Example: Risk, audit and compliance | Internal audit, compliance officer, regulator liaison | Evidence of control and conformance |
| SC-06 | Example: Enterprise architecture | Domain and enterprise architects | Fit with strategy, standards and roadmap |
| SC-07 | Example: Data and analytics | Data owner, data steward, analytics lead | Data meaning, quality and lineage |
| SC-08 | Example: Suppliers and partners | Vendors, integration partners | Interfaces and responsibilities |
| [SC-NN] | [Class] | [Roles] | [Interest] |
4. Perspectives and concern library
4.1 Perspectives
| ID | Perspective | Stakeholder classes | Concerns grouped |
|---|
| PS-01 | Example: Business | SC-01, SC-06 | CN-01, CN-02, CN-03 |
| PS-02 | Example: Engineering | SC-02, SC-06 | CN-04, CN-05, CN-06 |
| PS-03 | Example: Operations | SC-03 | CN-07, CN-08 |
| PS-04 | Example: Assurance | SC-04, SC-05 | CN-09, CN-10, CN-11 |
| PS-05 | Example: Information | SC-07, SC-04 | CN-12, CN-13 |
| [PS-NN] | [Perspective] | [SC IDs] | [CN IDs] |
4.2 Concern library
| ID | Concern (as a question) | Perspective | Raised by |
|---|
| CN-01 | Example: What business outcome does the system support, and for whom? | PS-01 | SC-01 |
| CN-02 | Example: Which business capabilities and processes does it change? | PS-01 | SC-01, SC-06 |
| CN-03 | Example: What does it cost to build and run, and over what period? | PS-01 | SC-01 |
| CN-04 | Example: What are the main parts, and who owns each one? | PS-02 | SC-02 |
| CN-05 | Example: How do the parts interact to deliver the key scenarios? | PS-02 | SC-02 |
| CN-06 | Example: How easily can the system change, and where are the seams? | PS-02 | SC-02, SC-06 |
| CN-07 | Example: Where does it run, and how is it deployed and scaled? | PS-03 | SC-03 |
| CN-08 | Example: How is it monitored and recovered after failure? | PS-03 | SC-03 |
| CN-09 | Example: Which threats apply, and which controls address them? | PS-04 | SC-04 |
| CN-10 | Example: Which regulations apply, and where is the evidence of compliance? | PS-04 | SC-05 |
| CN-11 | Example: Which external parties connect, and under which agreements? | PS-04 | SC-05, SC-08 |
| CN-12 | Example: What data does it hold, what does it mean and who owns it? | PS-05 | SC-07 |
| CN-13 | Example: Where does personal data flow and where is it stored? | PS-05 | SC-04, SC-07 |
| [CN-NN] | [Question] | [PS ID] | [SC IDs] |
5. Aspects
| ID | Aspect | Related concerns | Viewpoints that must address it | Steward |
|---|
| AS-01 | Example: Availability and resilience | CN-07, CN-08 | VP-03, VP-04, VP-05 | [@sre-lead] |
| AS-02 | Example: Security | CN-09 | VP-03, VP-05, VP-06 | [@security-architect] |
| AS-03 | Example: Privacy | CN-13 | VP-07, VP-06 | [@privacy-lead] |
| AS-04 | Example: Cost | CN-03 | VP-01, VP-05 | [@finops-lead] |
| AS-05 | Example: Changeability | CN-06 | VP-03, VP-08 | [@principal-engineer] |
| [AS-NN] | [Aspect] | [CN IDs] | [VP IDs] | [@steward] |
6. Model kind library
| ID | Model kind | Category | Notation and legend | Default tool or format | Starter template | Status |
|---|
| MK-01 | Example: System context diagram | Diagram | Boxes for system and neighbours, people as actors, labelled arrows for purpose; legend required | Mermaid flowchart or C4 context level | architecture/c4-architecture | Approved |
| MK-02 | Example: Container and component diagram | Diagram | C4 container and component levels with technology labels | Mermaid flowchart | architecture/c4-architecture | Approved |
| MK-03 | Example: Scenario sequence diagram | Diagram | One diagram per key scenario; numbered messages; actors from MK-01 | Mermaid sequence diagram | architecture/domain-message-flow | Approved |
| MK-04 | Example: Deployment diagram | Diagram | Environments, nodes, zones and replicas; trust boundaries dashed | Mermaid flowchart | dev/arc42 section 7 | Approved |
| MK-05 | Example: Capability map | Diagram or table | Levelled capabilities, heat map by investment or maturity | Table with heat column | architecture/business-capability-map | Approved |
| MK-06 | Example: Threat and control table | Table | Threat ID, element, category, control ID, residual risk | Markdown table | security/threat-model | Approved |
| MK-07 | Example: Data flow diagram | Diagram | Processes, stores, external entities, flows; personal data flows marked | Mermaid flowchart | security/threat-model | Approved |
| MK-08 | Example: Information model with classification | Diagram and table | Entities and relationships; each entity carries an owner and a classification | Mermaid ER diagram and table | architecture/data-dictionary | Approved |
| MK-09 | Example: Decision record | Text | Context, options, decision, consequences | ADR file per decision | architecture/adr-full | Approved |
| MK-10 | Example: Cost model | Table | Cost lines per year, one-off and recurring, with assumptions | Spreadsheet or table | architecture/tco-analysis | Trial |
| [MK-NN] | [Model kind] | [Diagram / Table / Text] | [Notation and legend] | [Tool] | [Template] | [State] |
7. Viewpoint catalogue
| ID | Viewpoint | Concerns framed | Stakeholder classes | Model kinds | View methods | Steward | State |
|---|
| VP-01 | Example: Business context | CN-01, CN-02, CN-03 | SC-01, SC-06 | MK-01, MK-05, MK-10 | VM-01 | [@business-architect] | Approved |
| VP-02 | Example: Integration and partners | CN-11 | SC-02, SC-05, SC-08 | MK-01, MK-03 | VM-02 | [@integration-architect] | Approved |
| VP-03 | Example: Structure | CN-04, CN-06 | SC-02, SC-06 | MK-02 | VM-02 | [@principal-engineer] | Approved |
| VP-04 | Example: Behaviour | CN-05 | SC-02, SC-03 | MK-03 | VM-02, VM-04 | [@principal-engineer] | Approved |
| VP-05 | Example: Deployment and operations | CN-07, CN-08 | SC-03 | MK-04 | VM-03 | [@sre-lead] | Approved |
| VP-06 | Example: Security and trust | CN-09 | SC-04 | MK-07, MK-06 | VM-05 | [@security-architect] | Approved |
| VP-07 | Example: Information | CN-12, CN-13 | SC-07, SC-04 | MK-08, MK-07 | VM-06 | [@data-architect] | Approved |
| VP-08 | Example: Decisions | CN-06, CN-10 | SC-05, SC-06 | MK-09 | VM-07 | [@chief-architect] | Approved |
| VP-09 | Example: Cost | CN-03 | SC-01 | MK-10 | VM-08 | [@finops-lead] | Trial |
| [VP-NN] | [Viewpoint] | [CN IDs] | [SC IDs] | [MK IDs] | [VM IDs] | [@steward] | [State] |
8. Viewpoint specifications
Each specification uses these fields:
- Overview: what the view shows, in two or three sentences.
- Concerns framed: concern IDs, and the specific questions the view
answers.
- Typical stakeholders: stakeholder class IDs.
- Perspectives and aspects: which perspectives it serves and which
aspects it must address in part.
- Model kinds: model kind IDs, and any viewpoint-specific rules on
how they are used.
- View methods: how to build the view and how to check it.
- Correspondence rules: rules that tie this view to others.
- Sources and examples: where the viewpoint comes from and a link to
a good example view.
8.1 VP-01 Business context viewpoint
- Overview: places the system in its business setting: the outcome it
serves, the capabilities it changes, the people and organisations
around it and the cost envelope. Read first by sponsors and by the
architecture board.
- Concerns framed: CN-01 (outcome and users), CN-02 (capabilities and
processes changed), CN-03 (cost envelope).
- Typical stakeholders: SC-01, SC-06.
- Perspectives and aspects: PS-01; addresses part of AS-04 (cost).
- Model kinds: MK-01 system context diagram at business level (no
technology labels); MK-05 capability map with the changed capabilities
highlighted; MK-10 cost model summary for the first three years.
- View methods: VM-01 (build from the business case and a stakeholder
interview; check that every actor on MK-01 maps to a capability on
MK-05 or is marked external).
- Correspondence rules: CR-01 and CR-04 in section 10.
- Sources and examples: organisation-specific; informed by the
TOGAF Architecture Vision (
architecture/togaf-architecture-vision)
and the Business Capability Map (architecture/business-capability-map).
Example view: [link to the claims portal description, section 2].
8.2 VP-06 Security and trust viewpoint
- Overview: shows where data and requests cross trust boundaries,
which threats apply to each crossing and which controls answer them.
- Concerns framed: CN-09 (threats and controls).
- Typical stakeholders: SC-04, with SC-03 and SC-05 as readers.
- Perspectives and aspects: PS-04; addresses part of AS-02 (security)
and AS-03 (privacy).
- Model kinds: MK-07 data flow diagram with trust boundaries; MK-06
threat and control table keyed to the elements of MK-07.
- View methods: VM-05 (structured threat modelling over MK-07, one
pass per trust boundary; check that each threat has a control or an
accepted risk with an owner).
- Correspondence rules: CR-02 and CR-03 in section 10.
- Sources and examples: Threat Model (
security/threat-model) and
Security Architecture (security/security-architecture).
8.3 VP-02 to VP-09
[Repeat the structure above for every viewpoint in section 7. Keep the
fields in the same order so reviewers can compare specifications
quickly.]
9. View methods
| ID | View method | Inputs | Steps in brief | Done when |
|---|
| VM-01 | Example: Business context build and check | Business case, stakeholder interviews | Draft MK-01 and MK-05 together; walk through with the sponsor | Sponsor confirms actors and changed capabilities |
| VM-02 | Example: Structural walkthrough | Requirements, key scenarios | Draw containers; trace each key scenario through them | Every scenario passes through named owners |
| VM-03 | Example: Operability review | Service level objectives, platform standards | Map containers to nodes; check redundancy and recovery paths | Each objective has a mechanism and a test |
| VM-04 | Example: Scenario sequence analysis | Key scenarios, MK-02 | One MK-03 per scenario; check timeouts and failure paths | Failure path drawn for each external call |
| VM-05 | Example: Threat modelling session | MK-07, data classification | Enumerate threats per boundary; assign controls | No threat without control or accepted risk |
| VM-06 | Example: Data ownership review | MK-08, records of processing | Assign owner and class to each entity; trace personal data flows | Every entity has an owner and a class |
| VM-07 | Example: Decision review | Open questions, options analyses | Record each significant choice as MK-09 | No significant choice without a record |
| VM-08 | Example: Cost estimate review | Sizing, price lists | Build MK-10 with assumptions; review with finance | Finance accepts assumptions |
| [VM-NN] | [Method] | [Inputs] | [Steps] | [Criterion] |
10. Correspondence rules
| ID | Rule | Between | How to check | Severity if broken |
|---|
| CR-01 | Example: Every external actor or system on the business context diagram appears on the structure view as a connection | VP-01 MK-01 and VP-03 MK-02 | Compare the two diagrams name by name | Major |
| CR-02 | Example: Every flow that crosses a trust boundary on MK-07 corresponds to a connection on MK-02 | VP-06 and VP-03 | Trace each crossing to a container connection | Major |
| CR-03 | Example: Every control in MK-06 that runs in infrastructure appears on the deployment view | VP-06 and VP-05 | Look up each control in MK-04 | Minor |
| CR-04 | Example: Cost lines in MK-10 cover every runtime node in MK-04 | VP-09 and VP-05 | Match nodes to cost lines | Minor |
| CR-05 | Example: Every entity marked personal data in MK-08 appears on at least one flow in MK-07 | VP-07 and VP-06 | Search MK-07 for each entity | Major |
| [CR-NN] | [Rule] | [VP / MK IDs] | [Check] | [Major / Minor] |
11. Selection guide
| Engagement type | VP-01 | VP-02 | VP-03 | VP-04 | VP-05 | VP-06 | VP-07 | VP-08 | VP-09 |
|---|
| Example: New customer-facing system | M | M | M | R | M | M | M | M | R |
| Example: Internal tool, no personal data | R | O | M | O | M | R | O | M | O |
| Example: Integration project | R | M | R | M | R | M | R | M | O |
| Example: Infrastructure or platform change | O | O | R | O | M | M | O | M | R |
| Example: Enterprise segment architecture | M | R | O | O | O | R | M | M | M |
| [Engagement type] | [M/R/O] | [M/R/O] | [M/R/O] | [M/R/O] | [M/R/O] | [M/R/O] | [M/R/O] | [M/R/O] | [M/R/O] |
12. Coverage checks
12.1 Concern coverage
| Concern | Framed by | Approved viewpoints framing it | Gap? |
|---|
| CN-01 to CN-02 | VP-01 | 1 | No |
| CN-03 | VP-01, VP-09 | 1 (VP-09 on trial) | No |
| CN-04 | VP-03 | 1 | No |
| CN-05 | VP-04 | 1 | No |
| CN-06 | VP-03, VP-08 | 2 | No |
| CN-07, CN-08 | VP-05 | 1 | No |
| CN-09 | VP-06 | 1 | No |
| CN-10 | VP-08 | 1 | Example: Partly: evidence of compliance needs a dedicated table; candidate model kind for next version |
| CN-11 | VP-02 | 1 | No |
| CN-12, CN-13 | VP-07 | 1 | No |
12.2 Catalogue health checklist
13. Mapping to established viewpoint sets
| Catalogue viewpoint | C4 diagram | 4+1 view model | arc42 section | Related template |
|---|
| VP-01 Business context | System context (business level) | Scenarios (use case view) | 3 Context and scope | architecture/togaf-architecture-vision |
| VP-02 Integration and partners | System context | Scenarios | 3 Context and scope | architecture/integration-design |
| VP-03 Structure | Container and component | Logical and development views | 5 Building block view | architecture/c4-architecture |
| VP-04 Behaviour | Dynamic diagram | Process view | 6 Runtime view | architecture/architecture-4plus1 |
| VP-05 Deployment and operations | Deployment diagram | Physical view | 7 Deployment view | dev/arc42 |
| VP-06 Security and trust | No direct equivalent | No direct equivalent | 8 Cross-cutting concepts | security/threat-model |
| VP-07 Information | No direct equivalent | Logical view (in part) | 8 Cross-cutting concepts | architecture/data-dictionary |
| VP-08 Decisions | No direct equivalent | No direct equivalent | 9 Architecture decisions | architecture/adr-full |
| VP-09 Cost | No direct equivalent | No direct equivalent | No direct equivalent | architecture/tco-analysis |
Organisations using an enterprise framework can add a column for its
viewpoint names, for example the TOGAF Standard or the Unified
Architecture Framework (architecture/uaf-architecture-description).
The Zachman Classification (architecture/zachman-classification) is a
classification scheme rather than a viewpoint set, but it can be used to
check that the catalogue covers the questions the organisation cares
about.
14. Glossary and references
14.1 Glossary
- Architecture description (AD): the work product that expresses an
architecture for a given system and its stakeholders.
- Viewpoint: the reusable recipe for a view: the concerns it frames,
for whom, and with which model kinds and methods.
- View: one application of a viewpoint to a particular system.
- Model kind: a reusable type of model with its notation, legend and
conventions.
- View method: a defined way of producing and checking a view.
- Perspective: a shared way of looking at systems, used to group
related concerns.
- Aspect: a characteristic of the system that cuts across views.
- Correspondence rule: a relationship that must hold between elements
of different views or models.
- Architecture description framework (ADF): the conventions,
principles and practices for writing architecture descriptions in a
given community; a catalogue like this one is its core.
14.2 References
| ID | Reference | Use in this catalogue |
|---|
| REF-01 | ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022, Software, systems and enterprise: Architecture description, second edition, 2022-11 (cancels and replaces the 2011 edition) | Concepts and clause map in section 1.3 |
| REF-02 | Architecture Description (architecture/architecture-description-42010) | Template that consumes this catalogue |
| REF-03 | Architecture Process Plan and Records (architecture/architecture-practice-42020) | Practice that owns this catalogue |
| REF-04 | C4 Architecture (architecture/c4-architecture), 4+1 View Model (architecture/architecture-4plus1), arc42 (dev/arc42) | Established viewpoint sets in section 13 |
| REF-05 | Threat Model (security/threat-model), Data Dictionary (architecture/data-dictionary), Architecture Decision Record (architecture/adr-full) | Starter templates for model kinds |
Official text: ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022 is a paid standard published by
ISO, IEC and IEEE; purchase or licensed access at
https://www.iso.org/standard/74393.html (also sold by IEEE and national
standards bodies). Clause numbers in this template were checked against
the publicly available table of contents of the second edition on
2026-10-30.
Standard and licence note
Structure aligned with ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022, Software, systems and
enterprise: Architecture description (second edition, November 2022):
stakeholders, concerns, perspectives, aspects, viewpoints, model kinds,
view methods, correspondences and architecture description frameworks.
Only the standard's name, edition, concept names and clause numbers are
used; clause wording, definitions and tables are not reproduced, and all
explanations, tables and examples here are original text written for this
collection. Obtain the standard for its normative requirements and check
the current edition before claiming conformance. Official text: ISO, IEC
and IEEE, purchase or licensed access at
https://www.iso.org/standard/74393.html. C4, 4+1 and arc42 are named for
orientation only. Template licence: MIT.